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An Elementary Study of Insects
An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.
With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.
From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.
They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
Line 2
The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.
Line 3
With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.
Line 4
From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.
Line 5
They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.
/ðeɪ kætʃ ənd hoʊld ðer preɪ bɪˈtwiːn ðə frʌnt fiːt waɪl ðeɪ dɪˈvaʊər ɪt ˈbɑːdəli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beetles noun US /ˈbiːtəlz/

plural of “beetle” — insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading “The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.”

chirping verb US /ˈtʃɜːrpɪŋ/

-ing form of “chirp” — make high-pitched sounds

From this reading “THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.”

comprise verb US /kəmˈpraɪz/

be composed of

From this reading “The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.”

gnat noun US /næt/

any of various small biting flies: midges; biting midges; black flies; sand flies

From this reading “THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.”

grasshopper noun US /ˈɡræshɑːpər/

terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping

From this reading “THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.”

Ladybird noun US /ˈleɪdibɜːrd/

small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests

From this reading “THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.”

pests noun US /pests/

plural of “pest” — a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading “With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.”

rossetti noun US /roʊˈseti/

English poet and painter who was a leader of the Pre-Raphaelites (1828-1882)

From this reading “THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

beetlenounUS /ˈbiːtəl/

insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

beetlesnounUS /ˈbiːtəlz/

plural of “beetle” — insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

beneficialadjectiveUS /ˌbenəˈfɪʃəl/

promoting or enhancing well-being

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

butterflyverbUS /ˈbʌtərflaɪ/

flutter like a butterfly

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

catchverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

cheerilyadverb

in a cheerful manner

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

chirpingverbUS /ˈtʃɜːrpɪŋ/

-ing form of “chirp” — make high-pitched sounds

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

CHRISTINA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

compriseverbUS /kəmˈpraɪz/

be composed of

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

creepverbUS /kriːp/

move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

cricketnounUS /ˈkrɪkət/

leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

dancingnounUS /ˈdænsɪŋ/

taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

devourverbUS /dɪˈvaʊər/

destroy completely

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

dustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

eggnounUS /eɡ/

animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

exceptionsnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃənz/

plural of “exception” — a deliberate act of omission

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

feedverbUS /fiːd/

provide as food

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

gnatnounUS /næt/

any of various small biting flies: midges; biting midges; black flies; sand flies

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

grasshoppernounUS /ˈɡræshɑːpər/

terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

harmlessadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrmləs/

not causing or capable of causing harm

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

hatchverbUS /hætʃ/

emerge from the eggs

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

HurtverbUS /hɜːrt/

be the source of pain

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

includesverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

insectsnounUS /ˈɪnsekts/

plural of “insect” — small air-breathing arthropod

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

LADY-BEETLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

lady-beetles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

LadybirdnounUS /ˈleɪdibɜːrd/

small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

leapnounUS /liːp/

a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

mothnounUS /mɔːθ/

typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

pestsnounUS /pests/

plural of “pest” — a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

plant-lice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

pupateverb

develop into a pupa

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

ROSSETTInounUS /roʊˈseti/

English poet and painter who was a leader of the Pre-Raphaelites (1828-1882)

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

tigersnounUS /ˈtaɪɡərz/

a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka that began in 1970 as a student protest over the limited university access for Tamil students

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading From the time they hatch from the egg until they pupate and again after the beetle stage is reached they are regular tigers after plant-lice.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading With but two exceptions the American forms feed upon other insects, in most cases pests such as plant-lice and scale insects.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The lady-beetles comprise one family of small beetles, which is famous for the number of beneficial forms it includes.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading They catch and hold their prey between the front feet while they devour it bodily.

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

wormsnounUS /wɜːrmz/

plural of “worm” — any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae

From this reading THE LADY-BEETLE "_Hurt no living thing: Ladybird, nor butterfly, Nor moth with dusty wing, Nor cricket chirping cheerily, Nor grasshopper so light of leap, Nor dancing gnat, nor beetle fat, Nor harmless worms that creep._" --CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.

Chapter 13 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman holds 38 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of An Elementary Study of Insects contain?

Chapter 13 holds 38 sentences of An Elementary Study of Insects, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 38 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects

Common questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Yes. All 910 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23434 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Elementary Study of Insects is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23434, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Elementary Study of Insects take to read?

About 75 minutes of reading across 182 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Elementary Study of Insects section by section

How to work through An Elementary Study of Insects section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of An Elementary Study of Insects to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Elementary Study of Insects

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Elementary Study of Insects, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Discussion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Behavior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Colony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remarkable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.