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An Elementary Study of Insects
An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.
They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.
The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.
In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.
The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Elementary Study of Insects

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of An Elementary Study of Insects is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.
/ðə ænt ðə ænts ɑːr ˈkloʊsli rɪˈleɪtɪd tuː ðə biːz ənd ɑːr ˈsɪmələr tuː ðem ɪn ˈmeni rɪˈspekts/
Line 2
They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.
/ðeɪ laɪv ɪn ˈkɑːləniz kənˈsɪstɪŋ ʌv ˈwɜːrkərz droʊnz ənd ə kwiːn/
Line 3
The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.
Line 4
In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.
/ɪn sʌm ˈkeɪsəz ænts siːm tuː biː ˈeɪbəl tuː plæn ənd ˈkæri aʊt laɪnz ʌv wɜːrk ˈveri mʌtʃ ðə seɪm æz mæn dʌz/
Line 5
The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.
/ðə ˈveriəs ˈsteɪdʒəz ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns ɔːr ˈreɪsəz ʌv men frʌm ðə ˈsævədʒ tuː ðə ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt mæn ɑːr ɪn ə weɪ ˈsɪmələr tuː ðə ˈveriəs ˈreɪsəz ʌv ænts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ants noun US /ænts/

plural of “ant” — social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading “THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.”

castes noun US /kæsts/

plural of “caste” — social status or position conferred by a system based on class

From this reading “The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.”

colonies noun US /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.”

drones noun US /droʊnz/

plural of “drone” — stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen

From this reading “They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.”

males noun US /meɪlz/

plural of “male” — an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading “The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.”

nurses noun US /ˈnɜːrsəz/

plural of “nurse” — one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)

From this reading “The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.”

outstrip verb US /aʊtˈstrɪp/

be or do something to a greater degree

From this reading “The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.”

swarming verb US /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading “The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

ANTnounUS /ænt/

social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

antsnounUS /ænts/

plural of “ant” — social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

approachesnounUS /əˈproʊtʃəz/

plural of “approach” — ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

beesnounUS /biːz/

plural of “bee” — any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

castesnounUS /kæsts/

plural of “caste” — social status or position conferred by a system based on class

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

coloniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

consistingverbUS /kənˈsɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “consist” — originate

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

dronesnounUS /droʊnz/

plural of “drone” — stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

guardsnounUS /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

malesnounUS /meɪlz/

plural of “male” — an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

nursesnounUS /ˈnɜːrsəz/

plural of “nurse” — one skilled in caring for young children or the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

outstripverbUS /aʊtˈstrɪp/

be or do something to a greater degree

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

respectsnounUS /rɪˈspekts/

(often used with “pay”) a formal expression of esteem

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

stagesnounUS /ˈsteɪdʒəz/

plural of “stage” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

swarmingverbUS /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE ANT The ants are closely related to the bees and are similar to them in many respects.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The various stages of human intelligence or races of men from the savage to the intelligent man are in a way similar to the various races of ants.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The males or drones appear at swarming time and the workers are divided into various castes--warriors, guards, nurses, etc. Those families of ants, however, which seem to have what approaches real intelligence, far outstrip the bees in many respects.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In some cases ants seem to be able to plan and carry out lines of work very much the same as man does.

workersnounUS /ˈwɜːrkərz/

plural of “worker” — a person who works at a specific occupation

From this reading They live in colonies consisting of workers, drones, and a queen.

Chapter 18 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman holds 61 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of An Elementary Study of Insects contain?

Chapter 18 holds 61 sentences of An Elementary Study of Insects, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 61 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects

Common questions about reading An Elementary Study of Insects by Leonard Haseman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Elementary Study of Insects?

Yes. All 910 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23434 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Elementary Study of Insects is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23434, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Elementary Study of Insects take to read?

About 75 minutes of reading across 182 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Elementary Study of Insects section by section

How to work through An Elementary Study of Insects section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of An Elementary Study of Insects to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Elementary Study of Insects

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Elementary Study of Insects, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Discussion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Behavior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Colony
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remarkable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Elementary Study of Insects; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.