Chapter I · Chapter 1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

plural of “alteration” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

taking care or paying attention

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Certain lacunae have been filled by the interpolation of fresh matter.

arranged into classes

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

a light informal meal

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

gotten under control

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

of or relating to an article stating opinions or giving perspectives

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

being one more than seven

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Certain lacunae have been filled by the interpolation of fresh matter.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Certain lacunae have been filled by the interpolation of fresh matter.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

give surety or assume responsibility

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

a message (spoken or written) that is introduced or inserted

From this reading Certain lacunae have been filled by the interpolation of fresh matter.

plural of “introduction” — the act of beginning something new

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.

past form of “issue” — prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Certain lacunae have been filled by the interpolation of fresh matter.

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Certain lacunae have been filled by the interpolation of fresh matter.

brought up to date

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

used to form the superlative

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

a form of address for a man

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

plural of “original” — an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

past form of “rearrange” — put into a new order or arrangement

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

plural of “reference” — a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

past form of “reprint” — print anew

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

in a special manner

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

plural of “text” — the words of something written

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The contents of the original _Garner_ have been rearranged and now for the first time classified, under the general editorial supervision of Mr. Thomas Seccombe.

precisely as stated

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to volumes of the _Garner_ (other than the present volume) are for the most part to the editio princeps, 8 vols.

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.

belonging to which person

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The texts contained in the present volume are reprinted with very slight alterations from the _English Garner_ issued in eight volumes (1877-1890, London, 8vo.) by Professor Arber, whose name is sufficient guarantee for the accurate collation of the texts with the rare originals, the old spelling being in most cases carefully modernised.

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The Introductions are wholly new and have been written specially for this issue.