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An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex
An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex is here in full — 461 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.
Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.
For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.
What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?
What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex is here in full — 461 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.
Line 2
Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.
Line 3
For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.
Line 4
What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behindem in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?
Line 5
What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Fatigues noun US /fəˈtiːɡz/

military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

From this reading “What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?”

Hazards noun US /ˈhæzərdz/

plural of “hazard” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading “What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?”

Intrigues noun US /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading “What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?”

involve verb US /ˌɪnˈvɑːlv/

connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading “What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?”

Itch verb US /ɪtʃ/

scrape or rub as if to relieve itching

From this reading “What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?”

mover noun US /ˈmuːvər/

workman employed by a moving company

From this reading “For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.”

solicitous adjective US /səˈlɪsətəs/

full of anxiety and concern

From this reading “What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?”

vanities noun US /ˈvænətiz/

plural of “vanity” — feelings of excessive pride

From this reading “[Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greatest Part adjective + noun

In this reading “For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.”

shine through verb + particle

In this reading “For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.”

of Mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “[Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.”

in the World preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?”

too large adverb + adjective

excessively large

In this reading “[Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.”

after Death preposition + noun

In this reading “What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

ActionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

affraid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

DeathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

DegreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

emnounUS /em/

a quad with a square body

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

FatiguesnounUS /fəˈtiːɡz/

military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

FollynounUS /ˈfɑːli/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

HazardsnounUS /ˈhæzərdz/

plural of “hazard” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

HeadnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

IngeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

InstancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

intricateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəkət/

having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

IntriguesnounUS /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

involveverbUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlv/

connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

ItchverbUS /ɪtʃ/

scrape or rub as if to relieve itching

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

MankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

movernounUS /ˈmuːvər/

workman employed by a moving company

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

notoriousadjectiveUS /noʊˈtɔːriəs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

OrdernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

PartnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

PurposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

remembred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

reposeverbUS /riˈpoʊz/

put or confide something in a person or thing

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

ReputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

sacrificenounUS /ˈsækrəfaɪs/

the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

Sidenote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

solicitousadjectiveUS /səˈlɪsətəs/

full of anxiety and concern

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

talk'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

UniversaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

Vail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

vanitiesnounUS /ˈvænətiz/

plural of “vanity” — feelings of excessive pride

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

VanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

Vertuous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading What else makes great Men involve themselves in the Fatigues and Hazards of War, and intricate Intrigues of State, when they have already more than they can enjoy, but an Itch of being talk’d of and remembred, to which they sacrifice their present happiness and repose?

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading For as I think _Vanity_ almost the Universal mover of all our Actions, whether good or bad; so I think there are scarce any Men so Ingenious, or so Vertuous, but something of it will shine through the greatest Part of what they do, let them cast never so thick a Vail over it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading What makes Men so solicitous of leaving a Reputation behind ’em in the World, though they know they can’t be affected with it after Death, but this even to a degree of Folly?

wou'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not that I think there is any Order or Degree of Men, which wou’d not afford many and notorious instances for our Purpose.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading [Sidenote: _Vanity Universal._] I shall not trouble you with any more Instances of the foolish vanities of Mankind; because I am affraid I have been too large upon that Head already.

Chapter 2 of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex by Judith, active Drake holds 461 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex contain?

Chapter 2 holds 461 sentences of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex, unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex by Judith, active Drake exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 461 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex

Common questions about reading An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex by Judith, active Drake on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex?

Yes. All 929 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57596 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57596, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex take to read?

About 77 minutes of reading across 186 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Essay
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Female
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pedant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.