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An Essay on Laughter
An Essay on Laughter

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of An Essay on Laughter is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES.
Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter 220 Different views of travellers on the subject 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter 227 Abundance of good spirits 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness 228
Laughter and fondness for teasing 229 Rough practical jokes 230 The way in which laughter is accepted 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt 233 Indecent character of jocosity 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd 235 Ridicule of foreign ways 237
Laughter at the doings of the white man 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd 242 The ridiculing
of fellow-tribesmen 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women 245 Example of dry humour 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment 247 Germs of the mimetic art 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,
etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter 251 How to manage the savage by laughter 252
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Essay on Laughter

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of An Essay on Laughter is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES.
/ðə ˈlæftər ʌv ˈsævədʒəz/
Line 2
Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter220 Different views of travellers on the subject220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter227 Abundance of good spirits228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness228
Line 3
Laughter and fondness for teasing229 Rough practical jokes230 The way in which laughter is accepted232 Laughter of superiority and contempt233 Indecent character of jocosity234 Appreciation of the laughably odd235 Ridicule of foreign ways237
Line 4
Laughter at the doings of the white man238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd242 The ridiculing
Line 5
of fellow-tribesmen244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women245 Example of dry humour246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment247 Germs of the mimetic art247 Differentiation of professional jesters,
Line 6
etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter251 How to manage the savage by laughter252

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Differentiation noun US /dɪfərˌenʃiˈeɪʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading “of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,”

Germs noun US /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading “of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,”

ignoramus noun US /ˌɪɡnərˈeɪməs/

an ignorant person

From this reading “Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing”

jesters noun US /ˈdʒestərz/

plural of “jester” — a professional clown employed to entertain a king or nobleman in the Middle Ages

From this reading “of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,”

Organisation noun US /ˌɔːrɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something

From this reading “of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,”

Reciprocal adjective US /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/

concerning each of two or more persons or things; especially given or done in return

From this reading “of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,”

ridiculing verb US /ˈrɪdəkjuːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “ridicule” — subject to laughter or ridicule

From this reading “Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing”

salient adjective US /ˈseɪliənt/

having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

From this reading “Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

practical jokes adjective + noun counted as “practical joke”

a prank or trick played on a person (especially one intended to make the victim appear foolish)

In this reading “Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237”

good spirits adjective + noun

In this reading “Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228”

on the subject preposition + article + noun counted as “on … subject”

In this reading “Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228”

Different views adjective + noun counted as “different view”

In this reading “Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228”

white man noun + noun

a man who is White

In this reading “Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing”

different levels adjective + noun counted as “different level”

In this reading “etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

220

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

223

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

227

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

228

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

229

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

230

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

232

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

233

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

234

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

235

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

237

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

238

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

240

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

241

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

242

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

244

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

245

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

246

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

247

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

249

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

250

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

251

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

252

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

absurdadjectiveUS /əbˈsɜːrd/

inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

AbundancenounUS /əˈbʌndəns/

the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

accompanimentnounUS /əˈkʌmpnɪmənt/

an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

AmusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

AppreciationnounUS /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

Co-existence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

DescriptionsnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

DifferentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

DifferentiationnounUS /dɪfərˌenʃiˈeɪʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

doingsnounUS /ˈduːɪŋz/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

entertainmentnounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

ExamplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

expertadjectiveUS /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

fellow-tribesmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

fondnessnounUS /ˈfɑːndnəs/

a predisposition to like something

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

gaucherienoun

the quality of being rustic or gauche

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

GermnounUS /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

GermsnounUS /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

ignoramusnounUS /ˌɪɡnərˈeɪməs/

an ignorant person

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

IndecentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdiːsənt/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

jestersnounUS /ˈdʒestərz/

plural of “jester” — a professional clown employed to entertain a king or nobleman in the Middle Ages

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

jocositynoun

fun characterized by humor

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

jokesnounUS /dʒoʊks/

plural of “joke” — a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

laughablyadverb

so as to arouse or deserve laughter

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

LAUGHTERnounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES.

levelsnounUS /ˈlevəlz/

plural of “level” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

manageverbUS /ˈmænədʒ/

be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

mimeticadjective

characterized by or of the nature of or using mimesis

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

OrganisationnounUS /ˌɔːrɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/

the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

ReciprocaladjectiveUS /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/

concerning each of two or more persons or things; especially given or done in return

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

RidiculenounUS /ˈrɪdəkjuːl/

language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

ridiculingverbUS /ˈrɪdəkjuːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “ridicule” — subject to laughter or ridicule

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

RoughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

salientadjectiveUS /ˈseɪliənt/

having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

SAVAGESnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

shynessnounUS /ˈʃaɪnəs/

a feeling of fear of embarrassment

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

SourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

teasingnounUS /ˈtiːzɪŋ/

the act of harassing someone playfully or maliciously (especially by ridicule); provoking someone with persistent annoyances

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAUGHTER OF SAVAGES.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading etc. • 249 Amusing songs and stories • 250 Co-existence of different levels of laughter • 251 How to manage the savage by laughter • 252

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

viewsnounUS /vjuːz/

plural of “view” — a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Sources of our knowledge of savage laughter • 220 Different views of travellers on the subject • 220 Laughter as a salient characteristic of savages • 223 Descriptions of their movements of laughter • 227 Abundance of good spirits • 228 Laughter as accompaniment of shyness • 228

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Laughter and fondness for teasing • 229 Rough practical jokes • 230 The way in which laughter is accepted • 232 Laughter of superiority and contempt • 233 Indecent character of jocosity • 234 Appreciation of the laughably odd • 235 Ridicule of foreign ways • 237

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Laughter at the doings of the white man • 238 Laughter of the expert at the ignoramus • 240 Savage society and the white man’s _gaucherie_ • 241 Germ of sense of the absurd • 242 The ridiculing

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading of fellow-tribesmen • 244 Reciprocal laughter of the men and the women • 245 Example of dry humour • 246 Organisation of laughter as entertainment • 247 Germs of the mimetic art • 247 Differentiation of professional jesters,

Chapter 4 of An Essay on Laughter by James Sully holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Vocabulary met early in An Essay on Laughter

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Essay on Laughter, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Human
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Text-book
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Psychology
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