254
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
255
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
256
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
258
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
259
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
261
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
263
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
264
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
265
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
267
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
268
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
269
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
271
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
272
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
273
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
275
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
276
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
277
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
279
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
280
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
281
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
283
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
285
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
286
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
287
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
288
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
290
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
291
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
293
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
295
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
aspectsnounUS /ˈæspekts/
plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/
the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
the power or right to give orders or make decisions
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
in the space, time, or range separating two things
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
the act of breaking something
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
ChangesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/
plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
Class-differentiation
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
CombinationnounUS /ˌkɑːmbəˈneɪʃən/
a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
ConciliatoryadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪliːətɔːri/
making or willing to make concessions
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
a state at a particular time
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
ConflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/
an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
Contagiousness
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
CorrectiveadjectiveUS /kərˈektɪv/
designed to promote discipline
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/
a particular society at a particular time and place
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
culture-movement
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
accepted or habitual practice
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/
money collected under a tariff
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
DeclineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/
grow worse
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/
An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
DrolladjectiveUS /droʊl/
comical in an odd or whimsical manner
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
effeteadjectiveUS /eˈfiːt/
affected, overrefined, and effeminate
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/
an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
EVOLUTIONnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/
a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)
From this reading LAUGHTER IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION.
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
functionnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃən/
(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
greetingnounUS /ˈɡriːtɪŋ/
(usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
group-barriers
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
group-laughter
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
groupingnounUS /ˈɡruːpɪŋ/
any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/
plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
hilaritynounUS /hɪˈlerəti/
great merriment
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
How
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading LAUGHTER IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION.
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
inferiors
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
influencingverbUS /ˈɪnfluːənsɪŋ/
-ing form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
laughableadjectiveUS /ˈlæfəbəl/
so unreasonable as to invite derision
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
the sound of laughing
From this reading LAUGHTER IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION.
a characteristic state or mode of living
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
move something or somebody to a lower position
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
merrimentnoun
a gay feeling
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
full of or showing high-spirited merriment
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
minuter
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/
great merriment
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
Mirthfuladjective
full of or showing high-spirited merriment
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
a change of position that does not entail a change of location
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
old-fashionedadjectiveUS /ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd/
out of fashion
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/
advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
plutocraticadjective
of or relating to or characteristic of a plutocrat
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
practicesnounUS /ˈpræktəsəz/
plural of “practice” — a customary way of operation or behavior
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
PreparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/
the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
gradual improvement or growth or development
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
QuizzingverbUS /ˈkwɪzɪŋ/
inflected form of “quiz” — examine someone's knowledge of something
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
ranksnounUS /ræŋks/
plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
reciprocaladjectiveUS /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/
concerning each of two or more persons or things; especially given or done in return
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
RefiningnounUS /rəˈfaɪnɪŋ/
the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.)
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
retortnounUS /ˈriːtɔːrt/
a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one)
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
ScrewingnounUS /ˈskruːɪŋ/
slang for sexual intercourse
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
self-importancenoun
an inflated feeling of pride in your superiority to others
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
work done by one person or group that benefits another
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
setsnounUS /sets/
plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
relating to human society and its members
From this reading LAUGHTER IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION.
an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
the vital principle or animating force within living things
From this reading Laughter at the old-fashioned • 279 The movement of progress • 279 Mirthful greeting of new ideas and practices • 280 Laughing away effete customs • 281 Influence of mirthful spirit on social changes • 283 Effect of
standardsnounUS /ˈstændərdz/
plural of “standard” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
subdivisionnounUS /ˈsʌbdɪvɪʒən/
an area composed of subdivided lots
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
SummarynounUS /ˈsʌməri/
a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
superiorsnounUS /suːˈpɪriərz/
plural of “superior” — one of greater rank or station or quality
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
task-masters
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
transitionnounUS /trænˈzɪʃən/
the act of passing from one state or place to the next
From this reading evolution of culture groups • 283 Effect of minuter subdivision of sets • 285 Effect of progress in breaking down group-barriers • 286 Droll aspects of transition of society to a plutocratic form • 287 Refining effect of
the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/
plural of “use” — the act of using
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
utilitiesnounUS /juːˈtɪlətiz/
plural of “utility” — a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
From this reading Summary of social utilities of laughter • 271 Laughter of other groups as corrective of self-importance • 272 Social movements as influencing laughter • 272 Changes of fashion • 273 Fashion and custom • 275 Merry aspects of movements of fashion • 276 Droll side of descent of fashion to lower ranks • 277
UtilitynounUS /juːˈtɪləti/
a company that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
voluminousadjectiveUS /vəˈluːmənəs/
large in volume or bulk
From this reading culture-movement on hilarity • 288 Decline of older voluminous merriment • 290 Conflict between popular mirth and authority • 291 Combination of standards in popular estimate of laughable • 293 Preparation for individual laughter • 295
widensverbUS /ˈwaɪdənz/
third-person singular of “widen” — become broader or wider or more extensive
From this reading Connection between laughter and social life • 254 Contagiousness of mirth as social quality • 255 Social uses of laughter • 256 Class-differentiation as condition of laughter • 258 How social grouping widens the field of the laughable • 259 Utility of reciprocal group-laughter • 261
Woman'snounUS /ˈwʊmənz/
possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
From this reading Screwing up members of other groups • 261 Laughter of superiors at inferiors • 263 Quizzing of authorities by subjects • 264 Mirthful turning on task-masters • 265 Woman’s laughing retort • 267 Corrective function of laughter of inferiors • 268 Conciliatory service of group-laughter • 269
