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An Essay on Laughter
An Essay on Laughter

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of An Essay on Laughter is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.
In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.
Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.
Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.
This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Essay on Laughter

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of An Essay on Laughter is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.
/ˈlæftər ʌv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ˈhjuːmər/
Line 2
In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.
Line 3
Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.
/jet mænz best frend ɪz nɑːt ʌv ðə sɔːrt tuː teɪk æn əˈfrʌnt tuː ˈsɪriəsli/
Line 4
Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.
Line 5
This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.
/ðɪs nuː enˈdaʊmənt ðɪs læst ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈmɔːrtəl baɪ ðə ɡɑːd ɪz wʌt wiː miːn baɪ ˈhjuːmər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affront noun US /əˈfrʌnt/

a deliberately offensive act or something producing the effect of deliberate disrespect

From this reading “Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.”

choral noun US /ˈkɔːrəl/

a stately Protestant (especially Lutheran) hymn tune

From this reading “In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.”

endowment noun US /enˈdaʊmənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading “This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.”

haunts noun US /hɔːnts/

plural of “haunt” — a frequently visited place

From this reading “Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.”

laughable adjective US /ˈlæfəbəl/

so unreasonable as to invite derision

From this reading “Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.”

preceding adjective US /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading “In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.”

quieter adjective US /ˈkwaɪətər/

comparative of “quiet” — characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading “Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.”

tended verb US /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading “In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preceding chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.”

perfectly safe adverb + adjective

In this reading “Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.”

best friend noun + noun

the one friend who is closest to you

In this reading “Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.”

human spirit adjective + noun

In this reading “Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.”

mean by verb + particle

In this reading “This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.”

haunts of verb + particle counted as “haunt of”

In this reading “Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.”

advance of verb + particle

In this reading “In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

affrontnounUS /əˈfrʌnt/

a deliberately offensive act or something producing the effect of deliberate disrespect

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

choralnounUS /ˈkɔːrəl/

a stately Protestant (especially Lutheran) hymn tune

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

disguisenounUS /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity.

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

DrivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

endowmentnounUS /enˈdaʊmənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

hauntsnounUS /hɔːnts/

plural of “haunt” — a frequently visited place

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

HUMOURnounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

INDIVIDUALadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.

inspirationnounUS /ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən/

arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

laughableadjectiveUS /ˈlæfəbəl/

so unreasonable as to invite derision

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

LAUGHTERnounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.

louderadjectiveUS /ˈlaʊdər/

comparative of “loud” — characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

mortaladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəl/

subject to death

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

quieteradjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪətər/

comparative of “quiet” — characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

seriouslyadverbUS /ˈsɪriəsli/

in a serious manner

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

stealverbUS /stiːl/

take without the owner's consent

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LAUGHTER OF THE INDIVIDUAL: HUMOUR.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

touchingadjectiveUS /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/

arousing affect

From this reading Driven out from the crowd, he has known how to disguise himself and to steal back into the haunts of men, touching here and there a human spirit and moving it to a quieter and perfectly safe enjoyment of things laughable.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In the preceding chapter we have seen how the advance of civilisation has tended to still the louder choral voice of laughter.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading This new endowment, this last inspiration of the mortal by the god, is what we mean by Humour.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet man’s best friend is not of the sort to take an affront too seriously.

Chapter 18 of An Essay on Laughter by James Sully holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of An Essay on Laughter contain?

Chapter 18 holds 423 sentences of An Essay on Laughter, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of An Essay on Laughter by James Sully exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of An Essay on Laughter?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Essay on Laughter

Common questions about reading An Essay on Laughter by James Sully on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Essay on Laughter?

Yes. All 5500 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58606 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Essay on Laughter is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58606, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Essay on Laughter take to read?

About 458 minutes of reading across 1100 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Essay on Laughter section by section

How to work through An Essay on Laughter section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of An Essay on Laughter to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Essay on Laughter

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Essay on Laughter, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Laughter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Laughter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Text-book
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Laughter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Psychology
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Laughter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.