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An Essay on Man
An Essay on Man

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of An Essay on Man is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ARGUMENT.
Of the use of Riches.
That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.
That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.
That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Essay on Man

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of An Essay on Man is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARGUMENT.
/ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/
Line 2
Of the use of Riches.
/ʌv ðə juːs ʌv ˈrɪtʃəz/
Line 3
That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.
Line 4
That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.
Line 5
That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Avarice noun US /ˈæv.ər.ɪs/

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

From this reading “That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.”

commodious adjective US /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

large and roomy (“convenient” is archaic in this sense)

From this reading “That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.”

extremes noun US /ekˈstriːmz/

plural of “extreme” — the furthest or highest degree of something

From this reading “That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.”

Frenzy noun US /ˈfrenzi/

state of violent mental agitation

From this reading “That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.”

pernicious adjective US /pərˈnɪʃəs/

exceedingly harmful

From this reading “That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.”

Prodigal noun US /ˈprɑːdɪɡəl/

a recklessly extravagant consumer

From this reading “That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.”

Profusion noun US /prəˈfjuːʒən/

the property of being extremely abundant

From this reading “That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.”

Riches noun US /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading “Of the use of Riches.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

113

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

152

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

160

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

21

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

77

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

89

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

ARGUMENTnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading ARGUMENT.

AvaricenounUS /ˈæv.ər.ɪs/

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

Avariciousadjective

immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

commodiousadjectiveUS /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

large and roomy (“convenient” is archaic in this sense)

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

discussedverbUS /dɪˈskʌst/

past form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

extremesnounUS /ekˈstriːmz/

plural of “extreme” — the furthest or highest degree of something

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

FrenzynounUS /ˈfrenzi/

state of violent mental agitation

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

HappinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

MankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

Necessaries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of the use of Riches.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

perniciousadjectiveUS /pərˈnɪʃəs/

exceedingly harmful

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

ProdigalnounUS /ˈprɑːdɪɡəl/

a recklessly extravagant consumer

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

ProfusionnounUS /prəˈfjuːʒən/

the property of being extremely abundant

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

RichesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading Of the use of Riches.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading That Riches, either to the Avaricious or the Prodigal, cannot afford Happiness, scarcely Necessaries, v.89-160.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Of the use of Riches.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Of the use of Riches.

vnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading That it is known to few, most falling into one of the extremes, Avarice or Profusion, v.1, etc. The point discussed, whether the invention of money has been more commodious or pernicious to Mankind, v.21 to 77.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading That Avarice is an absolute Frenzy, without an end or purpose, v.113, etc., 152.

Chapter 7 of An Essay on Man by Alexander Pope holds 167 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of An Essay on Man contain?

Chapter 7 holds 167 sentences of An Essay on Man, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of An Essay on Man by Alexander Pope exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 167 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of An Essay on Man?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Essay on Man

Common questions about reading An Essay on Man by Alexander Pope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Essay on Man?

Yes. All 1932 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2428 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Essay on Man is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2428, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Essay on Man take to read?

About 161 minutes of reading across 387 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in An Essay on Man

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Essay on Man, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alexander
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.