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An Essay on Man
An Essay on Man

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of An Essay on Man is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.
See the wild waste of all-devouring years!
How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!
The very tombs now vanished like their dead!
Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Essay on Man

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of An Essay on Man is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.
/əˈkeɪʒənd baɪ hɪz ˈdaɪəlɔːɡz ɑːn ˈmedəlz/
Line 2
See the wild waste of all-devouring years!
Line 3
How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!
Line 4
The very tombs now vanished like their dead!
/ðə ˈveri tuːmz naʊ ˈvænɪʃt laɪk ðer ded/
Line 5
Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dialogues noun US /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡz/

plural of “dialogue” — a conversation between two persons

From this reading “Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.”

drained adjective US /dreɪnd/

emptied or exhausted of (as by drawing off e.g. water or other liquid)

From this reading “Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!”

floods noun US /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading “Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!”

martyr noun US /ˈmɑːrtər/

one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading “Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!”

Medals noun US /ˈmedəlz/

plural of “medal” — an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event

From this reading “Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.”

theatres noun US /ˈθiːətərz/

plural of “theatre” — a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading “Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!”

toiled verb US /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading “Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!”

tombs noun US /tuːmz/

plural of “tomb” — a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading “The very tombs now vanished like their dead!”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

admiringverbUS /ædˈmaɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “admire” — feel admiration for

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

all-devouringadjective

(of animals) both plant-eating and flesh-eating

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

archesnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

DialoguesnounUS /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡz/

plural of “dialogue” — a conversation between two persons

From this reading Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

drainedadjectiveUS /dreɪnd/

emptied or exhausted of (as by drawing off e.g. water or other liquid)

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

Fanes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

groaningverbUS /ˈɡroʊnɪŋ/

-ing form of “groan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

HugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

martyrnounUS /ˈmɑːrtər/

one who suffers for the sake of principle

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

MedalsnounUS /ˈmedəlz/

plural of “medal” — an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event

From this reading Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

noddingadjectiveUS /ˈnɑːdɪŋ/

having branches or flower heads that bend downward

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

OccasionedverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənd/

past form of “occasion” — give occasion to

From this reading Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

sepulchrenoun

a chamber that is used as a grave

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

spoiledadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

StatuesnounUS /ˈstætʃuːz/

plural of “statue” — a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

templesnounUS /ˈtempəlz/

plural of “temple” — place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

theatresnounUS /ˈθiːətərz/

plural of “theatre” — a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

tombsnounUS /tuːmz/

plural of “tomb” — a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

unpeopledadjective

with no people living there

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

vanishedadjectiveUS /ˈvænɪʃt/

having passed out of existence

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The very tombs now vanished like their dead!

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading How Rome her own sad sepulchre appears, With nodding arches, broken temples spread!

wondersnounUS /ˈwʌndərz/

plural of “wonder” — the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Imperial wonders raised on nations spoiled, Where mixed with slaves the groaning martyr toiled: Huge theatres, that now unpeopled woods, Now drained a distant country of her floods: Fanes, which admiring gods with pride survey, Statues of men, scarce less alive than they!

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading See the wild waste of all-devouring years!

Chapter 9 of An Essay on Man by Alexander Pope holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of An Essay on Man contain?

Chapter 9 holds 164 sentences of An Essay on Man, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of An Essay on Man by Alexander Pope exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of An Essay on Man?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Essay on Man

Common questions about reading An Essay on Man by Alexander Pope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Essay on Man?

Yes. All 1932 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2428 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Essay on Man is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2428, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Essay on Man take to read?

About 161 minutes of reading across 387 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through An Essay on Man section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in An Essay on Man

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Essay on Man, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alexander
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Essay on Man; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.