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An Introduction to Nature-Study
An Introduction to Nature-Study

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of An Introduction to Nature-Study is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By E. (Ernest) Stenhouse • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for An Introduction to Nature-Study
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
5.
THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.
1.
=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.
Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Introduction to Nature-Study

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of An Introduction to Nature-Study is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
5.
Line 2
THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.
/ðə fuːd wɪtʃ ə ɡriːn plænt əbˈteɪnz frʌm ðə sɔɪl/
Line 3
1.
Line 4
=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.
Line 5
Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.
/əbˈteɪn sʌm kliːn sænd ənd tuː biː ʃʊr ðæt ðer ɪz ˈnʌθɪŋ ɪn ɪt wɪtʃ ˈwɔːtər kæn dɪˈzɑːlv wɑːʃ ðə sænd ɪn ˈsevrəl ˈtʃeɪndʒəz ʌv kliːn ˈwɔːtər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dissolve verb US /dɪˈzɑːlv/

become weaker

From this reading “Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
flourish verb US /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/

grow vigorously

From this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
maturity noun US /məˈtʃʊrəti/

the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed

From this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
obtains verb US /əbˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading “THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
permanently adverb US /ˈpɜːrmənəntli/

for a long time without essential change

From this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sawdust noun US /ˈsɔːdʌst/

fine particles of wood made by sawing wood

From this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
seedlings noun US /ˈsiːdlɪŋz/

plural of “seedling” — young plant or tree grown from a seed

From this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wither verb US /ˈwɪðər/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

proper care adjective + noun

In this reading “=A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.”

508 times in 426,211 chapters
OBTAINS FROM verb + particle counted as “obtain from”

In this reading “THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.”

3,923 times in 426,211 chapters
Obtain some verb + adjective

In this reading “Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.”

1,461 times in 426,211 chapters

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

Pending verification
5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5.

Pending verification
AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Pending verification
carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dissolveverbUS /dɪˈzɑːlv/

become weaker

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
flourishverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃ/

grow vigorously

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
FOODnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
GREENnounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
maturitynounUS /məˈtʃʊrəti/

the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
NoticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ObtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
OBTAINSverbUS /əbˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
permanentlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrmənəntli/

for a long time without essential change

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PLANTverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sawdustnounUS /ˈsɔːdʌst/

fine particles of wood made by sawing wood

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
seedlingsnounUS /ˈsiːdlɪŋz/

plural of “seedling” — young plant or tree grown from a seed

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SOILnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
washverbUS /wɑːʃ/

clean with some chemical process

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Obtain some clean sand, and, to be sure that there is nothing in it which water can dissolve, wash the sand in several changes of clean water.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE FOOD WHICH A GREEN PLANT OBTAINS FROM THE SOIL.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
witherverbUS /ˈwɪðər/

wither, as with a loss of moisture

From this reading =A plant cannot grow permanently in damp sawdust or clean sand.=—Notice that the seedlings which were grown in damp sawdust presently wither and die, while those which were grown in soil flourish, and, with proper care, come to maturity.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 2 of An Introduction to Nature-Study by E. (Ernest) Stenhouse holds 176 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of An Introduction to Nature-Study contain?

Chapter 2 holds 176 sentences of An Introduction to Nature-Study, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of An Introduction to Nature-Study by E. (Ernest) Stenhouse exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 176 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of An Introduction to Nature-Study?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #61273, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in An Introduction to Nature-Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Introduction to Nature-Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Underscores
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Indicate
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