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An Introduction to Nature-Study
An Introduction to Nature-Study

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of An Introduction to Nature-Study is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for An Introduction to Nature-Study
Context Illustration Reading 1/74 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
48.
THE CAT AND DOG.
1.
=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:
(_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Introduction to Nature-Study

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of An Introduction to Nature-Study is here in full — 371 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
48.
Line 2
THE CAT AND DOG.
/ðə kæt ənd dɔːɡ/
Line 3
1.
Line 4
=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:
Line 5
(_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Carefully adverb US /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading “=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:”

cat noun US /kæt/

feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats

From this reading “THE CAT AND DOG.”

characters noun US /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading “=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:”

covering noun US /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading “(_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?”

examine verb US /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading “=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:”

external adjective US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading “=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:”

gently adverb US /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading “=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:”

notes noun US /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading “=The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:”

All words in this reading · 22

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

48

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 48.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE CAT AND DOG.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading (_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

CarefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

CATnounUS /kæt/

feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats

From this reading THE CAT AND DOG.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading (_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

DOGnounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading THE CAT AND DOG.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

HairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading (_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading (_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading (_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading =The external characters of the cat.=—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters:

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAT AND DOG.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading (_a_) _Hair._—What is the covering of the body like?

Chapter 15 of An Introduction to Nature-Study by E. (Ernest) Stenhouse holds 371 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of An Introduction to Nature-Study contain?

Chapter 15 holds 371 sentences of An Introduction to Nature-Study, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of An Introduction to Nature-Study by E. (Ernest) Stenhouse exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 371 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of An Introduction to Nature-Study?

Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Introduction to Nature-Study

Common questions about reading An Introduction to Nature-Study by E. (Ernest) Stenhouse on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Introduction to Nature-Study?

Yes. All 6776 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61273 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Introduction to Nature-Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61273, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Introduction to Nature-Study take to read?

About 564 minutes of reading across 1356 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Introduction to Nature-Study section by section

How to work through An Introduction to Nature-Study section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of An Introduction to Nature-Study to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Introduction to Nature-Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Introduction to Nature-Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Introduction to Nature-Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phrase
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Introduction to Nature-Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indicate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Introduction to Nature-Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Introduction to Nature-Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.