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An Irish Cousin
An Irish Cousin

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of An Irish Cousin is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FERRETING.
“I do perceive here a divided duty.”
It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.
The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.
The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Irish Cousin

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of An Irish Cousin is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FERRETING.
/ˈferətɪŋ/
Line 2
“I do perceive here a divided duty.”
/aɪ duː pərˈsiːv hiːr ə dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈduːti/
Line 3
It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.
Line 4
The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.
Line 5
The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attitudes noun US /ˈætətuːdz/

plural of “attitude” — a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading “The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.”

bristling verb US /ˈbrɪsəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “bristle” — be in a state of movement or action

From this reading “The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.”

ferreting verb US /ˈferətɪŋ/

-ing form of “ferret” — hound or harry relentlessly

From this reading “FERRETING.”

gable noun US /ˈɡeɪbəl/

the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading “The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.”

protruding adjective US /proʊˈtruːdɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading “The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.”

shorn adjective US /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading “The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.”

towered verb US /ˈtaʊərd/

past form of “tower” — appear very large or occupy a commanding position

From this reading “The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.”

trusses noun US /ˈtrʌsɪz/

plural of “truss” — (medicine) a bandage consisting of a pad and belt; worn to hold a hernia in place by pressure

From this reading “The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

comfortable bed adjective + noun

In this reading “The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

attitudesnounUS /ˈætətuːdz/

plural of “attitude” — a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

blustry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

bristlingverbUS /ˈbrɪsəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “bristle” — be in a state of movement or action

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

burrowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

corduroysnoun

cotton trousers made of corduroy cloth

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

FERRETINGverbUS /ˈferətɪŋ/

-ing form of “ferret” — hound or harry relentlessly

From this reading FERRETING.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

gablenounUS /ˈɡeɪbəl/

the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

gaiters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

haggardadjectiveUS /ˈhæɡərd/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

haynounUS /heɪ/

grass mowed and cured for use as fodder

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

holenounUS /hoʊl/

an opening into or through something

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

intensest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

perceiveverbUS /pərˈsiːv/

to become aware of through the senses

From this reading “I do perceive here a divided duty.”

protrudingadjectiveUS /proʊˈtruːdɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

ricknounUS /rɪk/

a painful muscle spasm especially in the neck or back (“rick” and “wrick” are British)

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

shornadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

showeryadjective

(of weather) wet by periods of rain

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

slicenounUS /slaɪs/

a share of something

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

toweredverbUS /ˈtaʊərd/

past form of “tower” — appear very large or occupy a commanding position

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

trussesnounUS /ˈtrʌsɪz/

plural of “truss” — (medicine) a bandage consisting of a pad and belt; worn to hold a hernia in place by pressure

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was early in December, a showery, blustry afternoon; but I was sitting out of doors in the hay.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The dogs were standing beside me in different attitudes of intensest attention, their eyes fixed, like mine, upon a hole in the foundations of the rick, from which at this moment a pair of legs in corduroys and gaiters were protruding.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The men had been cutting away the great rick in the haggard; they had taken a slice off it, down almost to the ground, and I had burrowed myself a comfortable bed among the soft trusses, with my back against the bristling, newly shorn wall of hay that towered above me like a gable.

Chapter 16 of An Irish Cousin by E. Oe. (Edith Oenone) Somerville holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of An Irish Cousin contain?

Chapter 16 holds 153 sentences of An Irish Cousin, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of An Irish Cousin by E. Oe. (Edith Oenone) Somerville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of An Irish Cousin?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Irish Cousin

Common questions about reading An Irish Cousin by E. Oe. (Edith Oenone) Somerville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Irish Cousin?

Yes. All 2031 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58633 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Irish Cousin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58633, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Irish Cousin take to read?

About 169 minutes of reading across 407 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Irish Cousin section by section

How to work through An Irish Cousin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of An Irish Cousin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Irish Cousin

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Irish Cousin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alaska
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Irish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Irish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Irish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Irish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.