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An Isle of Surrey: A Novel
An Isle of Surrey: A Novel

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.
The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.
He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.
He was a man of devices rather than plans.
In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Isle of Surrey: A Novel

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.
/ə ˈhɑːstɪdʒ æt ˈkrɔːfərdz haʊs/
Line 2
The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.
Line 3
He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.
/hiː wɑːz æn ˌɪmˈpʌlsɪv mæn ɪn ˈækʃən bʌt wen ˈækʃən wɑːz dɪˈnaɪd tuː hɪm hiː kʊd meɪk ˈlɪtəl ɔːr noʊ ˈprɑːɡres/
Line 4
He was a man of devices rather than plans.
/hiː wɑːz ə mæn ʌv dɪˈvaɪsəz ˈræðər ðæn plænz/
Line 5
In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.
/ɪn ðə hiːt ʌv ˈækʃən hiː kʊd ˌɪnˈvent bʌt hiː ˈniːdəd ðə ˈstɪmjələs ʌv ˈprezənt nəˈsesəti ɔːr ɪkˈspiːdiənsi bɪˈfɔːr hiː kʊd dɪˈzaɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crawford's noun US /ˈkrɔːfərdz/

possessive form of “crawford” — United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading “A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.”

dispirited adjective US /dɪˈspɪrətɪd/

marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm

From this reading “The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.”

expediency noun US /ɪkˈspiːdiənsi/

the quality of being suited to the end in view

From this reading “In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.”

hostage noun US /ˈhɑːstɪdʒ/

a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms

From this reading “A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.”

impulsive adjective US /ˌɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

proceeding from natural feeling or impulse without external stimulus

From this reading “He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.”

invent verb US /ˌɪnˈvent/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.”

Ray's noun US /reɪz/

possessive form of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading “The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.”

stimulus noun US /ˈstɪmjələs/

any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading “In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

Ainsworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

CrawfordnounUS /ˈkrɔːfərd/

United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

CRAWFORD'SnounUS /ˈkrɔːfərdz/

possessive form of “crawford” — United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.

deniedverbUS /dɪˈnaɪd/

inflected form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

devicesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading He was a man of devices rather than plans.

dispiritedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɪrətɪd/

marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

expediencynounUS /ɪkˈspiːdiənsi/

the quality of being suited to the end in view

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

HOSTAGEnounUS /ˈhɑːstɪdʒ/

a prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms

From this reading A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.

HOUSEnounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading A HOSTAGE AT CRAWFORD'S HOUSE.

impulsiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

proceeding from natural feeling or impulse without external stimulus

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

inventverbUS /ˌɪnˈvent/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading He was a man of devices rather than plans.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading He was a man of devices rather than plans.

Ray'snounUS /reɪz/

possessive form of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

stimulusnounUS /ˈstɪmjələs/

any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading In the heat of action he could invent, but he needed the stimulus of present necessity or expediency before he could design.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He was a man of devices rather than plans.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was an impulsive man in action, but when action was denied to him, he could make little or no progress.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The failure of Philip Ray's expedition to Richmond had dispirited him in the pursuit of the man whom he called John Ainsworth, but whom Richmond knew as William Crawford.

Chapter 20 of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel by Richard Dowling holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel contain?

Chapter 20 holds 152 sentences of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel by Richard Dowling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Isle of Surrey: A Novel

Common questions about reading An Isle of Surrey: A Novel by Richard Dowling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel?

Yes. All 6712 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42756 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42756, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Isle of Surrey: A Novel take to read?

About 559 minutes of reading across 1343 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Isle of Surrey: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Isle of Surrey: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Source
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mystery
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Killard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Isle of Surrey: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.