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An open verdict
An open verdict

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of An open verdict is here in full — 202 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SCRATCHELLS AT HOME.
MR.
SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.
It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.
But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An open verdict

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of An open verdict is here in full — 202 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SCRATCHELLS AT HOME.
Line 2
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/
Line 3
SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.
Line 4
It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.
Line 5
But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.
/bʌt æz ðə eɪdʒ ɡruː mɔːr ˈsɪvəlaɪzd ðə ˈbruːər riˈmuːvd hɪz dəˈmestɪk laɪf frʌm ðə ˌɪˈmiːdiːət vəˈsɪnəti ʌv hɪz væts ənd kæsks tuː ə ˈstʌkoʊd ˈmænʃən ɪn fɪfˈtiːn ˈeɪkərz ʌv ˈmedoʊ lænd pɑːr ˈeksələns pɑːrk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brewer noun US /ˈbruːər/

someone who brews beer or ale from malt and hops and water

From this reading “It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.”

brewery noun US /ˈbruːəri/

a plant where beer is brewed by fermentation

From this reading “It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.”

degenerated verb US /dɪˈdʒenəreɪtɪd/

past form of “degenerate” — grow worse

From this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

gentility noun US /dʒenˈtɪlɪti/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

stuccoed verb US /ˈstʌkoʊd/

past form of “stucco” — decorate with stucco work

From this reading “But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.”

thriving adjective US /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.”

vats noun US /væts/

plural of “vat” — a tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production

From this reading “But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.”

villas noun US /ˈvɪləz/

plural of “villa” — Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

par excellence noun + noun

to a degree of excellence

In this reading “But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.”

immediate vicinity adjective + noun

In this reading “But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.”

red brick noun + noun

In this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

brick house noun + noun

In this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

domestic life adjective + noun

In this reading “But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.”

village street noun + noun

In this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

compared with verb + particle counted as “compare with”

In this reading “SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.”

meadow land noun + noun

In this reading “But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

acresnounUS /ˈeɪkərz/

extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

adjoined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE SCRATCHELLS AT HOME.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

brewernounUS /ˈbruːər/

someone who brews beer or ale from malt and hops and water

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

brewerynounUS /ˈbruːəri/

a plant where beer is brewed by fermentation

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

bricknounUS /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

casksnounUS /kæsks/

plural of “cask” — the quantity a cask will hold

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

degeneratedverbUS /dɪˈdʒenəreɪtɪd/

past form of “degenerate” — grow worse

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

gentilitynounUS /dʒenˈtɪlɪti/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

habitationnounUS /ˌhæbəˈteɪʃən/

the native habitat or home of an animal or plant

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

HOMEnounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading THE SCRATCHELLS AT HOME.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

meadownounUS /ˈmedoʊ/

a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

parnounUS /pɑːr/

(golf) the standard number of strokes set for each hole on a golf course, or for the entire course

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

ParknounUS /pɑːrk/

a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

SCRATCHELL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

SCRATCHELLS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SCRATCHELLS AT HOME.

shabbyadjectiveUS /ˈʃæbi/

showing signs of wear and tear

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

smartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

stuccoedverbUS /ˈstʌkoʊd/

past form of “stucco” — decorate with stucco work

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SCRATCHELLS AT HOME.

thrivingadjectiveUS /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

tradesmennounUS /ˈtreɪdzmən/

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

vatsnounUS /væts/

plural of “vat” — a tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

vicinitynounUS /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading But as the age grew more civilized, the brewer removed his domestic life from the immediate vicinity of his vats and casks to a stuccoed mansion in fifteen acres of meadow land, _par excellence_ Park.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

villasnounUS /ˈvɪləz/

plural of “villa” — Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading It had been built by a wealthy brewer, and still adjoined a thriving brewery.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

Yafford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCRATCHELL occupied a large red brick house at the beginning of the village street, a house that had once been one of the best, if not the best in Little Yafford, but which, in its present degenerated state, looked a very shabby habitation as compared with the smart Gothic villas of the Great Yafford professional men and tradesmen who had retired into gentility at Little Yafford.

Chapter 8 of An open verdict by M. E. (Mary Elizabeth) Braddon holds 202 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of An open verdict contain?

Chapter 8 holds 202 sentences of An open verdict, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of An open verdict by M. E. (Mary Elizabeth) Braddon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 202 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of An open verdict?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An open verdict

Common questions about reading An open verdict by M. E. (Mary Elizabeth) Braddon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An open verdict?

Yes. All 3332 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67237 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An open verdict is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67237, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An open verdict take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 667 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through An open verdict section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An open verdict

Words and structures a reader meets early in An open verdict, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dulcimer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An open verdict; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Views
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An open verdict; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kenrick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An open verdict; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Splendid
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An open verdict; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.