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An Undivided Union
An Undivided Union

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.
When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.
His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.
On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.
A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Undivided Union

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.
/ðə ɪnˈkaʊntərz æt ðə brɪdʒ ənd ɑːn ðə ræft æt ðə taɪm ʌv wɪtʃ aɪ raɪt ðə neɪm ʌv ˈmɔːrɡənz ˈkævəlri wɑːz ɔːlˈredi noʊn θruːˈaʊt ðə leŋkθ ənd bredθ ʌv kənˈtʌki ənd ðoʊz ʌv ðə ɪnˈhæbətənts huː wɜːr ɑːn ðə saɪd ʌv ðə ˈjuːnjən hɜːrd ʌv hɪz ˈkʌmɪŋ tuː wʌn ˈneɪbərhʊd ɔːr əˈnʌðər wɪð dred/
Line 2
When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.
Line 3
His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.
Line 4
On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.
Line 5
A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Confederate noun US /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.”

encounters noun US /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/

plural of “encounter” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading “THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.”

Michigan noun US /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading “His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.”

Morgan's noun US /ˈmɔːrɡənz/

possessive form of “morgan” — United States anthropologist who studied the Seneca (1818-1881)

From this reading “THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.”

Nashville noun US /ˈnæʃvɪl/

capital of the state of Tennessee; located in the north central part of the state on the Cumberland River; known for country music

From this reading “When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.”

raids noun US /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading “When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.”

refitting verb US /riˈfɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “refit” — fit out again

From this reading “When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.”

stockade noun US /ˈstɑːkeɪd/

fortification consisting of a fence made of a line of stout posts set firmly for defense

From this reading “On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

24th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

BaconnounUS /ˈbeɪkən/

back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

breadthnounUS /bredθ/

the capacity to understand a broad range of topics

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

BRIDGEnounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

CavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

ConfederatenounUS /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

enclosurenounUS /enˈkloʊʒər/

a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

ENCOUNTERSnounUS /ɪnˈkaʊntərz/

plural of “encounter” — a minor short-term fight

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

explosionnounUS /ɪkˈsploʊʒən/

a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

MichigannounUS /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

MorgannounUS /ˈmɔːrɡən/

United States anthropologist who studied the Seneca (1818-1881)

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

Morgan'snounUS /ˈmɔːrɡənz/

possessive form of “morgan” — United States anthropologist who studied the Seneca (1818-1881)

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

Munfordsville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

NashvillenounUS /ˈnæʃvɪl/

capital of the state of Tennessee; located in the north central part of the state on the Cumberland River; known for country music

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

Nolan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

notoriousadjectiveUS /noʊˈtɔːriəs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

pickverbUS /pɪk/

select carefully from a group

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

RAFTnounUS /ræft/

a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

raidsnounUS /reɪdz/

plural of “raid” — a sudden short attack

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

refittingverbUS /riˈfɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “refit” — fit out again

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

seventeenadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːn/

being one more than sixteen

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

stockadenounUS /ˈstɑːkeɪd/

fortification consisting of a fence made of a line of stout posts set firmly for defense

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading On Christmas Day came an engagement near Munfordsville, and then the notorious leader attacked the stockade at Bacon Creek.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

vigorousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading His first engagement was with a few companies of Michigan troops, on the 24th of December, where he suffered a loss of seventeen men.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading A vigorous resistance was made, but the explosion of a number of shells within the enclosure made a surrender necessary, and this was followed by the burning of the bridge across Bacon Creek, after which Morgan advanced to Nolan, where another bridge was destroyed.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading THE ENCOUNTERS AT THE BRIDGE AND ON THE RAFT At the time of which I write the name of Morgan's Cavalry was already known throughout the length and breadth of Kentucky, and those of the inhabitants who were on the side of the Union heard of his coming to one neighborhood or another with dread.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading When the boys in blue were refitting at Nashville, late in the year 1862, Morgan, having made several raids in Kentucky, though hardly, as yet, any of consequence, determined to visit the State once more, taking with him the pick of the Confederate cavalry of this section of our country.

Chapter 4 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of An Undivided Union contain?

Chapter 4 holds 132 sentences of An Undivided Union, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of An Undivided Union?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Undivided Union

Common questions about reading An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Undivided Union?

Yes. All 5307 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25440 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Undivided Union is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25440, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Undivided Union take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in An Undivided Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Undivided Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gray--on
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.