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An Undivided Union
An Undivided Union

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for An Undivided Union
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.
"What had we best do?"
"Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.
"Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."
The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Undivided Union

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.
/ˈmeɪdʒər dek ˈlaɪən meɪks ə ˈprɑːməs ðeɪ ɑːr ˈkʌmɪŋ ˈmeɪdʒər ˈʃaʊtɪd ˈkæptən ˈæbi æz ðə kənˈfedərət ˈliːdər fɔːrst hɪz ˈkævəlri ɑːn ðə tʃɑːrdʒ/
Line 2
"What had we best do?"
/wʌt hæd wiː best duː/
Line 3
"Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.
Line 4
"Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."
/ɡɪv ðem ə raʊnd æz suːn æz ðeɪ tɜːrn ðə bend/
Line 5
The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.
/ðə kəˈmænd hæd ˈhɑːrdli bɪn ˈɡɪvən wen ðə fɜːrst ˈkʌmpəniː ˈoʊpənd ˈfaɪər ˈfɑːloʊd baɪ ðə ˈsekənd ˈkʌmpəniː boʊθ ˈwiːlɪŋ tuː ðə left tuː let ðə ˈʌðər ˈkʌmpəniːz ˈfaɪər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abbey noun US /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading “MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.”

bend verb US /bend/

form a curve

From this reading “"Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."”

cavalry noun US /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading “MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.”

companies noun US /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading “The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.”

Confederate noun US /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.”

lyon noun US /ˈlaɪən/

a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon

From this reading “MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.”

pistols noun US /ˈpɪstəlz/

plural of “pistol” — a firearm that is held and fired with one hand

From this reading “"Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.”

wheeling noun US /ˈwiːlɪŋ/

a city in the northern panhandle of West Virginia on the Ohio river

From this reading “The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

AbbeynounUS /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

bendverbUS /bend/

form a curve

From this reading "Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading "What had we best do?"

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

ConfederatenounUS /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

DECKnounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "What had we best do?"

DrawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

GiveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading "Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "What had we best do?"

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

LYONnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

MAJORadjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

MAKESnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

pistolsnounUS /ˈpɪstəlz/

plural of “pistol” — a firearm that is held and fired with one hand

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

PROMISEverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading "Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

shoutedadjectiveUS /ˈʃaʊtɪd/

in a vehement outcry

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading "Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading MAJOR DECK LYON MAKES A PROMISE "They are coming, Major!" shouted Captain Abbey, as the Confederate leader forced his cavalry on the charge.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading "Give them a round as soon as they turn the bend."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "Draw--pistols!" shouted Deck, by way of an answer.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "What had we best do?"

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What had we best do?"

wheelingnounUS /ˈwiːlɪŋ/

a city in the northern panhandle of West Virginia on the Ohio river

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The command had hardly been given when the first company opened fire, followed by the second company, both wheeling to the left to let the other companies fire.

Chapter 10 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of An Undivided Union contain?

Chapter 10 holds 142 sentences of An Undivided Union, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of An Undivided Union?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Undivided Union

Common questions about reading An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Undivided Union?

Yes. All 5307 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25440 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Undivided Union is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25440, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Undivided Union take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in An Undivided Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Undivided Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gray--on
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.