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An Undivided Union
An Undivided Union

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.
The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.
Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.
This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.
Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

An Undivided Union

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.
Line 2
The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.
Line 3
Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.
Line 4
This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.
/ðɪs taʊn ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd ɑːn ðə ˈrɑːki bæŋk ʌv dʌk ˈrɪvər ənd sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈmaʊntənəs ˈpæsəz wɑːz æn aɪˈdiːl ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/
Line 5
Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bragg noun US /bræɡ/

Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)

From this reading “AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.”

Columbia noun US /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading “AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.”

commander's noun US /kəˈmændərz/

possessive form of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.”

Confederates noun US /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.”

hazardous adjective US /ˈhæzərdəs/

involving risk or danger

From this reading “Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.”

mountainous adjective US /ˈmaʊntənəs/

having hills and crags

From this reading “This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.”

permitting verb US /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading “Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

ADVANCEverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

ALLadjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

ALONGprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

BraggnounUS /bræɡ/

Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

commander'snounUS /kəˈmændərz/

possessive form of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

ConfederatenounUS /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

ConfederatesnounUS /kənˈfedərəts/

plural of “confederate” — a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

defileverb

place under suspicion or cast doubt upon

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

DuckverbUS /dʌk/

to move (the head or body) quickly downwards or away

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

extendingverbUS /ɪkˈstendɪŋ/

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

hazardousadjectiveUS /ˈhæzərdəs/

involving risk or danger

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

headquartersnounUS /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

idealadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːl/

conforming to an ultimate standard of perfection or excellence; embodying an ideal

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

intrenchments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

LINEnounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

mountainousadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntənəs/

having hills and crags

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

permittingverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

pourverbUS /pɔːr/

cause to run

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

Rosecrans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

semicirclenoun

a plane figure with the shape of half a circle

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

Shelbyville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

shelteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃeltərd/

protected from danger or bad weather

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading This town, situated on the rocky bank of Duck River and surrounded by mountainous passes, was an ideal stronghold.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

Tullahoma

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

Wartrace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The troops numbered about forty thousand, of all sorts, according to the commander's own report, and a larger portion of them were sheltered behind hastily constructed intrenchments.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading AN ADVANCE ALL ALONG THE LINE General Bragg, the Confederate commander, had established his headquarters at Tullahoma, but his troops lay some twenty or thirty miles to the north of that town, in a grand semicircle extending from Wartrace on the east, through Shelbyville to Columbia on the west.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Once the Southern forces should retreat to it, to follow them would be extremely hazardous, for the Confederates could easily command the river and every defile, and pour in a hot fire without permitting the Union troops to get a shot in return.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Although Bragg occupied this advanced position, General Rosecrans was certain that should the Confederate be unable to hold Shelbyville and the surrounding territory, he would retreat to his stronger intrenchments at Tullahoma.

Chapter 14 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of An Undivided Union contain?

Chapter 14 holds 132 sentences of An Undivided Union, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of An Undivided Union?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Undivided Union

Common questions about reading An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Undivided Union?

Yes. All 5307 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25440 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of An Undivided Union is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25440, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does An Undivided Union take to read?

About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read An Undivided Union section by section

How to work through An Undivided Union section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in An Undivided Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Undivided Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gray--on
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.