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An Undivided Union
An Undivided Union

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.
He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.
It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.
He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.
"Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.
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An Undivided Union

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of An Undivided Union is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.
Line 2
He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.
/hiː naʊ prəˈpoʊzd tuː rɪŋ ðə ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən aʊt ʌv ðə ˈmeɪdʒər æt ðə pɔɪnt ʌv ðə ˈpɪstəl/
Line 3
It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.
Line 4
He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.
Line 5
"Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alarming adjective US /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

frightening because of an awareness of danger

From this reading “It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.”

army's noun US /ˈɑːrmiz/

possessive form of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading “A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.”

bribe noun US /braɪb/

payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading “A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.”

cold-blooded adjective US /ˈkoʊldˈblʌdəd/

without compunction or human feeling

From this reading “He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.”

Confederate noun US /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.”

horsemen noun US /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading “He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.”

Lyon noun US /ˈlaɪən/

a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon

From this reading “A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.”

wring verb US /rɪŋ/

twist and press out of shape

From this reading “He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

alarmingadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

frightening because of an awareness of danger

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

anybodypronounUS /ˈenibədi/

any person at all

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

army'snounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

possessive form of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

Brentford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

bribenounUS /braɪb/

payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

cavalrymen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

cold-bloodedadjectiveUS /ˈkoʊldˈblʌdəd/

without compunction or human feeling

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

ConfederatenounUS /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

DecknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

FRIENDnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

GetverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

hoof-strokes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

LyonnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

NEEDnounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

pistolnounUS /ˈpɪstəl/

a firearm that is held and fired with one hand

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

spyverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading He felt the horsemen must be Confederate cavalrymen, but just now anybody was to be preferred to nobody, to step between himself and the cold-blooded spy.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading A FRIEND IN NEED Captain Brentford had tried to bribe Major Deck Lyon into telling all he knew concerning the Union army's proposed movements, and had failed.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was an alarming situation, and Deck was more than glad to hear the hoof-strokes of horses approaching.

wringverbUS /rɪŋ/

twist and press out of shape

From this reading He now proposed to wring the information out of the major at the point of the pistol.

yonderadjectiveUS /ˈjɑːndər/

distant but within sight (“yon” is dialectal)

From this reading "Get up and pass behind yonder bushes!" ordered Captain Brentford, hastily, for he, too, had heard the sounds on the road.

Chapter 31 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of An Undivided Union contain?

Chapter 31 holds 165 sentences of An Undivided Union, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of An Undivided Union?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading An Undivided Union

Common questions about reading An Undivided Union by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of An Undivided Union?

Yes. All 5307 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25440 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #25440, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 442 minutes of reading across 1062 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in An Undivided Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in An Undivided Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gray--on
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
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Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of An Undivided Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.