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Anna St. Ives
Anna St. Ives

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Anna St. Ives is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Anna St. Ives
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.
And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?
What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?
Are they just?
He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Anna St. Ives

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Anna St. Ives is here in full — 85 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.
Line 2
And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?
/ənd wʌt æm aɪ ɔːr huː ðæt aɪ ʃʊd duː hɪm ðɪs ˈvaɪələns/
Line 3
What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?
/wʌt vəˈlɪdəti hæv ðiːz ˈɑːrɡjəmənts ʌv ræŋk riˈleɪʃənʃɪp ənd ðə wɜːrldz əˈproʊbriəm/
Line 4
Are they just?
/ɑːr ðeɪ dʒʌst/
Line 5
He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.
/hiː rɪˈfjuːtɪd ðem soʊ hiː θɔːt ənd soʊ pərˈsɪsts tuː θɪŋk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

exiled verb US /ˈeɡzaɪld/

past form of “exile” — expel from a country

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

Ives noun US /aɪvz/

United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

opprobrium noun US /əˈproʊbriəm/

state of disgrace resulting from public abuse

From this reading “What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?”

persists verb US /pərˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “persist” — continue to exist

promoting verb US /prəˈmoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

refuted verb US /rɪˈfjuːtɪd/

past form of “refute” — overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

From this reading “He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.”

unchanged adjective US /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading “_Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.”

validity noun US /vəˈlɪdəti/

the quality of being valid and rigorous

From this reading “What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

AnnanounUS /ˈænə/

a former copper coin of Pakistan and India

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Are they just?

argumentsnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

plural of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Clifton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

exiledverbUS /ˈeɡzaɪld/

past form of “exile” — expel from a country

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Grosvenor-Street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

intentnounUS /ˌɪnˈtent/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

IvesnounUS /aɪvz/

United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Are they just?

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

Louisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

oppressedadjectiveUS /əˈprest/

burdened psychologically or mentally

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

opprobriumnounUS /əˈproʊbriəm/

state of disgrace resulting from public abuse

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

persistsverbUS /pərˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “persist” — continue to exist

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

promotingverbUS /prəˈmoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

refutedverbUS /rɪˈfjuːtɪd/

past form of “refute” — overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

relationshipnounUS /riˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

a relation between people; (“relationship” is often used where “relation” would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of “relationship” is for human relations or states of relatedness)

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Are they just?

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He refuted them: so he thought, and so _persists_ to think.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

unchangedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

validitynounUS /vəˈlɪdəti/

the quality of being valid and rigorous

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

Wenbourne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And what am I, or who, that I should do him this violence?

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Anna Wenbourne St. Ives to Louisa Clifton_ _London, Grosvenor-Street_ He is gone, Louisa; has left us; his purpose unchanged, his heart oppressed, and his mind intent on promoting the happiness of those by whom he is exiled.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading What validity have these arguments of rank, relationship, and the world's opprobrium?

Chapter 28 of Anna St. Ives by Thomas Holcroft holds 85 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Anna St. Ives contain?

Chapter 28 holds 85 sentences of Anna St. Ives, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Anna St. Ives by Thomas Holcroft exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 85 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Anna St. Ives?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Anna St. Ives

Common questions about reading Anna St. Ives by Thomas Holcroft on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Anna St. Ives?

Yes. All 9630 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9468 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Anna St. Ives is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9468, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Anna St. Ives take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1926 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Anna St. Ives section by section

How to work through Anna St. Ives section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Anna St. Ives

Words and structures a reader meets early in Anna St. Ives, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Louisa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Anna St. Ives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clifton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Anna St. Ives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wenbourne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Anna St. Ives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Health
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Anna St. Ives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.