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Another Sheaf
Another Sheaf

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Another Sheaf is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.
Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.
That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."
The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.
For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Another Sheaf

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Another Sheaf is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.
/bʌt ɪt dʌz nɑːt stɑːp wɪð dɪˈtɪriəreɪtɪd fəˈziːk/
Line 2
Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.
Line 3
That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."
Line 4
The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.
Line 5
For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amalgam noun US /əˈmælɡəm/

an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams

From this reading “For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.”

deteriorated verb US /dɪˈtɪriəreɪtɪd/

past form of “deteriorate” — become worse or disintegrate

From this reading “But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.”

imitative adjective US /ˈɪməteɪtɪv/

marked by or given to imitation

From this reading “For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.”

insidious adjective US /ˌɪnˈsɪdiːəs/

beguiling but harmful

From this reading “That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."”

physique noun US /fəˈziːk/

constitution of the human body

From this reading “But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.”

plastered adjective US /ˈplæstərd/

(of hair) made smooth by applying a sticky or glossy substance

From this reading “For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.”

self-consciousness noun US /ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

embarrassment deriving from the feeling that others are critically aware of you

From this reading “For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.”

vulgarity noun US /vəlˈɡerɪti/

the quality of lacking taste and refinement

From this reading “Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

upper classes adjective + noun counted as “upper class”

the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy

In this reading “The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.”

cut off verb + particle

make a break in

In this reading “For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.”

modern times adjective + noun

the circumstances and ideas of the present age

In this reading “The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.”

deal more verb + adjective

In this reading “The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.”

simplest country adjective + noun counted as “simple country”

In this reading “The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

amalgamnounUS /əˈmælɡəm/

an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

cheapadjectiveUS /tʃiːp/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

cottagernoun

someone who lives in a cottage

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

defacementnoun

the act of damaging the appearance or surface of something

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

defensiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfensɪv/

intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

deterioratedverbUS /dɪˈtɪriəreɪtɪd/

past form of “deteriorate” — become worse or disintegrate

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

elbowsnounUS /ˈelboʊz/

plural of “elbow” — hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

fishermannounUS /ˈfɪʃərmæn/

someone whose occupation is catching fish

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

herd-life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

imitativeadjectiveUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪv/

marked by or given to imitation

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

impactnounUS /ˌɪmˈpækt/

the striking of one body against another

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

insidiousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsɪdiːəs/

beguiling but harmful

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

insistentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsɪstənt/

repetitive and persistent

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

naturesnounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

offensiveadjectiveUS /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

physiquenounUS /fəˈziːk/

constitution of the human body

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

plasteredadjectiveUS /ˈplæstərd/

(of hair) made smooth by applying a sticky or glossy substance

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

productnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkt/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

remoter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

second-hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

self-consciousnessnounUS /ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

embarrassment deriving from the feeling that others are critically aware of you

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

sensationnounUS /senˈseɪʃən/

an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

shepherdnounUS /ˈʃepərd/

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

sightsnounUS /saɪts/

an optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

simplestadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpləst/

superlative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

squeezedverbUS /skwiːzd/

past form of “squeeze” — to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

StudentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

tightlyadverbUS /ˈtaɪtli/

in a tight or constricted manner

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading That insidious defacement is seen to be a thing of towns, and not at all a matter of "class."

unspottedadjective

without soil or spot or stain

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

vulgaritynounUS /vəlˈɡerɪti/

the quality of lacking taste and refinement

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The simplest country cottager, shepherd, fisherman, has as much, often a deal more, dignity than numbers of our upper classes, who, in spite of the desire to keep themselves unspotted, are still, from the nature of their existence, touched by the herd-life of modern times.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading For vulgarity is the natural product of herd-life; an amalgam of second-hand thought, cheap and rapid sensation, defensive and offensive self-consciousness, gradually plastered over the faces, manners, voices, whole beings, of those whose elbows are too tightly squeezed to their sides by the pressure of their fellows, whose natures are cut off from Nature, whose senses are rendered imitative by the too insistent impact of certain sights and sounds.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But it does not stop with deteriorated physique.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Students of faces in the remoter country are struck by the absence of what, for want of a better word, we may call vulgarity.

Chapter 5 of Another Sheaf by John Galsworthy holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Another Sheaf contain?

Chapter 5 holds 421 sentences of Another Sheaf, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Another Sheaf by John Galsworthy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Another Sheaf?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Another Sheaf

Common questions about reading Another Sheaf by John Galsworthy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Another Sheaf?

Yes. All 3328 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29711 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Another Sheaf is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29711, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Another Sheaf take to read?

About 277 minutes of reading across 666 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Another Sheaf section by section

How to work through Another Sheaf section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Another Sheaf to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Another Sheaf

Words and structures a reader meets early in Another Sheaf, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stretched
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Another Sheaf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Straight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Another Sheaf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Streak
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Another Sheaf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrowing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Another Sheaf; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.