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Antonina
Antonina

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Antonina is here in full — 380 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
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THE GOTHS.
It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.
It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.
The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.
An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Antonina

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Antonina is here in full — 380 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GOTHS.
Line 2
It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.
/ɪt wɑːz noʊ fɔːls ˈruːmər ðæt hæd ˈdrɪvən ðə ˈpɑːpjələs ʌv ðə ˈsʌbərbz tuː flaɪ tuː ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ʌv ðə ˈsɪti wɔːlz/
Line 3
It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.
Line 4
The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.
Line 5
An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!
/æn ˈɑːrmi ʌv bɑːrˈberiənz hæd ˌɪnˈdiːd ˈpenətreɪtɪd fɔːr ˈkɑːŋkwest ənd fɔːr ˈvendʒəns tuː ðə ˈsɪti ʌv ðə wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barbarians noun US /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading “An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!”

conquest noun US /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading “An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!”

morally adverb US /ˈmɔːrəli/

with respect to moral principles

From this reading “The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.”

populace noun US /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading “It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.”

pristine adjective US /ˈprɪstin/

completely free from dirt or contamination

From this reading “The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.”

renown noun US /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading “The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.”

rumour noun US /ˈruːmər/

gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading “It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.”

suburbs noun US /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading “It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

barbariansnounUS /bɑːrˈberiənz/

plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

deprivedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

GOTHS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GOTHS.

guardedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːrdəd/

prudent

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

ill-founded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

inviolability

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

morallyadverbUS /ˈmɔːrəli/

with respect to moral principles

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

Numerian's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

populacenounUS /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

pristineadjectiveUS /ˈprɪstin/

completely free from dirt or contamination

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

renownnounUS /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

rumournounUS /ˈruːmər/

gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

securitynounUS /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

terrorsnounUS /ˈterərz/

plural of “terror” — an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GOTHS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

Ulpius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

vengeancenounUS /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was no false rumour that had driven the populace of the suburbs to fly to the security of the city walls.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The name of Rome had really lost its pristine terrors; the walls of Rome, those walls which had morally guarded the Empire by their renown, as they had actually guarded its capital by their strength, were deprived at length of their ancient inviolability.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading It was no ill-founded cry of terror that struck the ear of Ulpius, as he stood at Numerian's window.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading An army of barbarians had indeed penetrated for conquest and for vengeance to the City of the World!

Chapter 7 of Antonina by Wilkie Collins holds 380 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Antonina contain?

Chapter 7 holds 380 sentences of Antonina, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Antonina by Wilkie Collins exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 380 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Antonina?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Antonina

Common questions about reading Antonina by Wilkie Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Antonina?

Yes. All 5625 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3606 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Antonina is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3606, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Antonina take to read?

About 468 minutes of reading across 1125 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Antonina section by section

How to work through Antonina section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Antonina to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Antonina

Words and structures a reader meets early in Antonina, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Court
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traveller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ordinary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.