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Antonina
Antonina

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Antonina is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Antonina
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GOISVINTHA'S RETURN.
It was morning.
The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.
The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.
The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Antonina

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Antonina is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GOISVINTHA'S RETURN.
Line 2
It was morning.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 3
The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.
/ðə sʌn hæd ˈrɪzən bʌt hɪz biːmz wɜːr ˈpɑːrʃəli əbsˈkjʊrd baɪ θɪk ˈhevi klaʊdz wɪtʃ skaʊld ɔːlˈredi ˈoʊvər ðə ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ ˈbraɪtnəs ʌv ðə ˈiːstərn hərˈaɪzən/
Line 4
The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.
Line 5
The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

animation noun US /ˌænəˈmeɪʃən/

the condition of living or the state of being alive

From this reading “The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.”

bustle noun US /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading “The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.”

congregated verb US /ˈkɑːŋɡrɪɡeɪtɪd/

past form of “congregate” — come together, usually for a purpose

From this reading “The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.”

encampment noun US /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading “The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.”

Gothic adjective US /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading “The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.”

obscured verb US /əbsˈkjʊrd/

past form of “obscure” — make less visible or unclear

From this reading “The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.”

partially adverb US /ˈpɑːrʃəli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading “The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.”

scowled verb US /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading “The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

animationnounUS /ˌænəˈmeɪʃən/

the condition of living or the state of being alive

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

beamsnounUS /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

brightnessnounUS /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

congregatedverbUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrɪɡeɪtɪd/

past form of “congregate” — come together, usually for a purpose

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

crowdsnounUS /kraʊdz/

plural of “crowd” — a large number of things or people considered together

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

curtainnounUS /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

encampmentnounUS /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

GOISVINTHA'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GOISVINTHA'S RETURN.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

Hermanric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was morning.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was morning.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

obscuredverbUS /əbsˈkjʊrd/

past form of “obscure” — make less visible or unclear

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

overspreadverb

spread across or over

From this reading The bustle and animation of the new day gradually overspread the Gothic encampment in all directions.

partiallyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrʃəli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

RETURNverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading GOISVINTHA'S RETURN.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

scowledverbUS /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

tentnounUS /tent/

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was morning.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The sun had risen, but his beams were partially obscured by thick heavy clouds, which scowled already over the struggling brightness of the eastern horizon.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The only tent whose curtain remained still closed, and round which no busy crowds congregated in discussion or mingled in labour, was that of Hermanric.

Chapter 10 of Antonina by Wilkie Collins holds 207 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Antonina contain?

Chapter 10 holds 207 sentences of Antonina, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Antonina by Wilkie Collins exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 207 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Antonina?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Antonina

Common questions about reading Antonina by Wilkie Collins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Antonina?

Yes. All 5625 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3606 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Antonina is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3606, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Antonina take to read?

About 468 minutes of reading across 1125 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Antonina section by section

How to work through Antonina section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of Antonina to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Antonina

Words and structures a reader meets early in Antonina, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Court
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traveller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ordinary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Antonina; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.