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Antonina
Antonina

Chapter XIII

Cover illustration for Antonina
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FAMINE.
The end of November is approaching.
Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.
Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.
As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Antonina

Chapter XIII

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FAMINE.
Line 2
The end of November is approaching.
Line 3
Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.
Line 4
Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.
Line 5
As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Again noun US /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.”

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.”

Shadow noun US /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading “As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.”

Terrible noun US /ˈterrible/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

againnounUS /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

approach

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

approaching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The end of November is approaching.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

brilliant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

change

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

chapter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

darken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

desolation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

elapsed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The end of November is approaching.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

events

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

FAMINE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FAMINE.

forth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

gates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

Gothic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

haughty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

horror

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The end of November is approaching.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

lines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

lofty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

luxurious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

mentioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

month

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

Nearly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

November

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The end of November is approaching.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

occurrence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The end of November is approaching.

palaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

Rome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

round

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

ruin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

streets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

stretch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

suffered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

terriblenounUS /ˈterrible/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FAMINE.

threatened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.

warning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Rome, that we left haughty and luxurious even while ruin threatened her at her gates, has now suffered a terrible and warning change.

woe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we approach her again, woe, horror, and desolation have already gone forth to shadow her lofty palaces and to darken her brilliant streets.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Nearly a month has elapsed since the occurrence of the events mentioned in the last chapter, yet still the Gothic lines stretch round the city walls.