AdeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/
move towards
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
asconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
atprepositionUS /æt/
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
barbariansnounUS /bɑːrˈberiənz/
plural of “barbarian” — a member of an uncivilized people
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/
earlier than; in front of
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
bribedverbUS /braɪbd/
past form of “bribe” — make illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
brightensverbUS /ˈbraɪtənz/
third-person singular of “brighten” — make more cheerful through the use of color
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
citynounUS /ˈsɪti/
a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/
at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/
plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/
past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
darknounUS /dɑːrk/
absence of light or illumination
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
daysnounUS /deɪz/
the time during which someone's life continues
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
elapsedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæpst/
(of time) having passed or slipped by
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/
having dropped by the force of gravity
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/
preceding all others in time or space or degree
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/
depressingly dark
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
growverbUS /ɡroʊ/
pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/
used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
HOPEnounUS /hoʊp/
a specific instance of feeling hopeful
From this reading THE VIGIL OF HOPE.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/
an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/
the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
likeverbUS /laɪk/
prefer or wish to do something
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/
primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
mercynounUS /ˈmɜːrsi/
leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
newadjectiveUS /nuː/
not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
nowadverbUS /naʊ/
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
OFprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading THE VIGIL OF HOPE.
opensnounUS /ˈoʊpənz/
plural of “open” — a clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/
belonging to the speaker and others
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/
marked by the reception of pay
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
partingnounUS /ˈpɑːrtɪŋ/
the act of departing politely
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
pastnounUS /pæst/
the time that has elapsed
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
pathsnounUS /pæðz/
plural of “path” — a course of conduct
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/
the possibility of future success
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
rainnounUS /reɪn/
water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
ransomnounUS /ˈrænsəm/
money demanded for the return of a captured person
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
raysnounUS /reɪz/
plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/
tending to return to an earlier state
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/
a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
RomenounUS /roʊm/
capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/
having or caused by an irregular surface
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
smoothernounUS /ˈsmuːðər/
a power tool used for sanding wood; an endless loop of sandpaper is moved at high speed by an electric motor
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
soconjunctionUS /soʊ/
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/
(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
streamnounUS /striːm/
a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
sunlightnounUS /ˈsʌnlaɪt/
the rays of the sun
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
templesnounUS /ˈtempəlz/
plural of “temple” — place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
THEdeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THE VIGIL OF HOPE.
theirdeterminerUS /ðer/
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
threadedadjectiveUS /ˈθredɪd/
(of bolts or screws) having screw threads
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
throughprepositionUS /θruː/
from one end or side of something to the other
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
triumphantadjectiveUS /traɪˈʌmfənt/
joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
uspronounUS /ʌs/
the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading A new prospect now opens before us.
viewnounUS /vjuː/
a way of regarding situations or topics etc.
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
VIGILnounUS /ˈvɪdʒəl/
a period of sleeplessness
From this reading THE VIGIL OF HOPE.
waynounUS /weɪ/
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
wepronounUS /wiː/
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
wealthnounUS /welθ/
the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
whenconjunctionUS /wen/
at the time that
From this reading Rome, so long dark and gloomy to our view, brightens at length like a landscape when the rain is past and the first rays of returning sunlight stream through the parting clouds.
whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading The rough paths through which we have hitherto threaded our way grow smoother as we approach their close.
yieldedverbUS /ˈjiːldɪd/
past form of “yield” — be the cause or source of
From this reading Some days have elapsed, and in those days the temples have yielded all their wealth; the conquered Romans have bribed the triumphant barbarians to mercy; the ransom of the fallen city has been paid.
