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Apu Ollantay
Apu Ollantay

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Apu Ollantay is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Apu Ollantay
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.
Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.
Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.
The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.
Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Apu Ollantay

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Apu Ollantay is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.
/ə ˈdrɑːmə ʌv ðə taɪm ʌv ðə ˈɪŋkəz ðə ˈdrɑːmə wɑːz ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈɪŋkəz ənd drəˈmætɪk pərˈfɔːrmənsəz wɜːr eˈnæktəd bɪˈfɔːr ðem/
Line 2
Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.
Line 3
Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.
Line 4
The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.
Line 5
Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.
/pleɪz wɜːr kəmˈpoʊzd ənd ˈæktɪd ˈʌndər ˈpriːstli ˈɔːspɪsɪz wɪtʃ kənˈteɪnd sɔːŋz ənd ˈʌðər ˈfræɡmənts ʌv ðə ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈɪŋkə ˈdrɑːmə/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aptitude noun US /ˈæptətuːd/

inherent ability

From this reading “The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.”

auspices noun US /ˈɔːspɪsɪz/

kindly endorsement and guidance

From this reading “Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.”

dramas noun US /ˈdrɑːməz/

plural of “drama” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading “Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.”

Inca noun US /ˈɪŋkə/

a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading “Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.”

Incas noun US /ˈɪŋkəz/

plural of “inca” — a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading “A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.”

Jesuits noun US /ˈdʒeʒuːɪts/

plural of “jesuit” — a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading “The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.”

priestly adjective US /ˈpriːstli/

associated with the priesthood or priests

From this reading “Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.”

Vega noun US /ˈveɪɡə/

prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)

From this reading “Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

Amauta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

Amautas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

aptitudenounUS /ˈæptətuːd/

inherent ability

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

auspicesnounUS /ˈɔːspɪsɪz/

kindly endorsement and guidance

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

DramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

dramasnounUS /ˈdrɑːməz/

plural of “drama” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

enactedverbUS /eˈnæktəd/

past form of “enact” — order by virtue of superior authority; decree

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

fragmentsnounUS /ˈfræɡmənts/

plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

Garcilasso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

IncanounUS /ˈɪŋkə/

a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

IncasnounUS /ˈɪŋkəz/

plural of “inca” — a ruler of the Incas (or a member of his family)

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

JesuitsnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪts/

plural of “jesuit” — a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

Juli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

Molina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

performancesnounUS /pərˈfɔːrmənsəz/

plural of “performance” — a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

PlaysnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

portionsnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

priestlyadjectiveUS /ˈpriːstli/

associated with the priesthood or priests

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

respectingverbUS /riˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “respect” — regard highly; think much of

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

Salcamayhua

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading The Spanish priests, especially the Jesuits of Juli, soon discovered the dramatic aptitude of the people.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Some of these dramas, and portions of others, were preserved in the memories of members of Inca and Amauta families.

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

VeganounUS /ˈveɪɡə/

prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A Drama of the Time of the Incas The drama was cultivated by the Incas, and dramatic performances were enacted before them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Plays were composed and acted, under priestly auspices, which contained songs and other fragments of the ancient Inca drama.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Garcilasso de la Vega, Molina, and Salcamayhua are the authorities who received and have recorded the information given by the Amautas respecting the Inca drama.

Chapter 1 of Apu Ollantay by Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir Markham holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Apu Ollantay contain?

Chapter 1 holds 412 sentences of Apu Ollantay, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Apu Ollantay by Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir Markham exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Apu Ollantay?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Apu Ollantay

Common questions about reading Apu Ollantay by Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir Markham on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Apu Ollantay?

Yes. All 1631 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9068 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Apu Ollantay is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9068, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Apu Ollantay take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Apu Ollantay section by section

How to work through Apu Ollantay section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Apu Ollantay to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Apu Ollantay

Words and structures a reader meets early in Apu Ollantay, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Drama
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Apu Ollantay; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Incas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Apu Ollantay; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cultivated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Apu Ollantay; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dramatic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Apu Ollantay; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.