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Arctic Adventures
Arctic Adventures

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Arctic Adventures is here in full — 450 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.
We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.
I was thankful to have Ewen as my companion.
He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.
The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Arctic Adventures

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Arctic Adventures is here in full — 450 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.
Line 2
We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.
/wiː wɜːr nɑːt əˈwer ðæt ðə ˈlætər ˈænəməlz hæd ˈmaɪɡreɪtɪd ˈsaʊθwərd baɪ ðæt taɪm ɔːr ˌɪnˈdiːd ðæt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈlaɪkli tuː biː faʊnd ˈoʊnli ɑːn ˈlevəl ɡraʊnd wer ðə depθ ʌv ðə snoʊ wɑːz nɑːt səˈfɪʃənt tuː prɪˈvent ðem frʌm ˈɡetɪŋ æt ðə mɔːs ɔːr ˈlaɪkənz bɪˈniːθ/
Line 3
I was thankful to have Ewen as my companion.
Line 4
He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.
/hiː hæd ˈɡreɪtli ˌɪmˈpruːvd sɪns hiː keɪm ɑːn bɔːrd ənd ʃoʊd ðæt hiː pəˈzest ˈkwɑːlətiz wɪtʃ aɪ dɪd nɑːt bɪˈfɔːr səˈspekt soʊ ðæt aɪ felt fɔːr hɪm æz aɪ ʃʊd fɔːr ə ˈbrʌðər/
Line 5
The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.
/ðə ˈætməsfɪr hæd bɪˈkʌm kɑːm ənd kəmˈperətɪvli wɔːrm ðoʊ ðə snoʊ rɪˈmeɪnd hɑːrd ənd krɪsp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crisp adjective US /krɪsp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading “The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.”

improved adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading “He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.”

lichens noun US /ˈlaɪkənz/

plural of “lichen” — any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading “We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.”

migrated verb US /ˈmaɪɡreɪtɪd/

past form of “migrate” — move from one country or region to another and settle there

From this reading “We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.”

moss noun US /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading “We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.”

musk noun US /mʌsk/

an odorous glandular secretion from the male musk deer; used as a perfume fixative

From this reading “Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.”

oxen noun US /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading “Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.”

southward adverb US /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading “We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greatly improved adverb + adjective

In this reading “He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.”

on board preposition + noun

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

In this reading “He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.”

level ground noun + noun

In this reading “We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.”

for the sake preposition + article + noun counted as “for … sake”

In this reading “Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.”

came on verb + particle counted as “come on”

appear or become visible; make a showing

In this reading “He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.”

found in verb + particle

In this reading “Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I was thankful to have Ewen as my companion.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

crispadjectiveUS /krɪsp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

Ewen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I was thankful to have Ewen as my companion.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

lichensnounUS /ˈlaɪkənz/

plural of “lichen” — any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

migratedverbUS /ˈmaɪɡreɪtɪd/

past form of “migrate” — move from one country or region to another and settle there

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

mossnounUS /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

musknounUS /mʌsk/

an odorous glandular secretion from the male musk deer; used as a perfume fixative

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I was thankful to have Ewen as my companion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

reindeers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

SandyadjectiveUS /ˈsændi/

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

shootverbUS /ʃuːt/

hit with a missile from a weapon

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

SoonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

southwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading He had greatly improved since he came on board and showed that he possessed qualities which I did not before suspect, so that I felt for him as I should for a brother.

thankfuladjectiveUS /ˈθæŋkfəl/

feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading I was thankful to have Ewen as my companion.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading The atmosphere had become calm and comparatively warm though the snow remained hard and crisp.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading We were not aware that the latter animals had migrated southward by that time, or indeed that they were likely to be found only on level ground where the depth of the snow was not sufficient to prevent them from getting at the moss or lichens beneath.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Soon after Sandy and his companion had departed, Ewen and I took our guns both for the sake of exercise and to try and shoot bears, reindeers, or musk oxen which we thought it possible might be found in that region.

Chapter 4 of Arctic Adventures by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 450 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Arctic Adventures contain?

Chapter 4 holds 450 sentences of Arctic Adventures, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Arctic Adventures by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 450 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Arctic Adventures?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Arctic Adventures

Common questions about reading Arctic Adventures by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Arctic Adventures?

Yes. All 1821 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40693 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Arctic Adventures is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40693, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Arctic Adventures take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 365 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Arctic Adventures section by section

How to work through Arctic Adventures section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Arctic Adventures to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Arctic Adventures

Words and structures a reader meets early in Arctic Adventures, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Arctic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventures
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic Adventures; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.