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Arctic exploration
Arctic exploration

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Arctic exploration is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
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ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.
They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.
Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.
After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of tracking the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.
At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Arctic exploration

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Arctic exploration is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.
Line 2
They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.
Line 3
Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.
Line 4
After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient oftrackingthe ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.
Line 5
At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Disco noun US /ˈdɪskoʊ/

popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques

From this reading “They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.”

lucrative adjective US /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading “At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.”

obstruction noun US /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading “After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.”

Parry verb US /ˈperi/

impede the movement of (an opponent or a ball)

From this reading “ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.”

ross's noun US /ˈrɑːsɪz/

possessive form of “ross” — Scottish explorer who led Arctic expeditions that yielded geographic discoveries while searching for the Northwest Passage (1777-1856)

successes noun US /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading “ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.”

tracking noun US /ˈtrækɪŋ/

the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind

From this reading “After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.”

whalers noun US /ˈweɪlərz/

plural of “whaler” — a seaman who works on a ship that hunts whales

From this reading “At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

friendly relations adjective + noun

In this reading “Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.”

most important adverb + adjective

In this reading “At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.”

through the medium preposition + article + noun counted as “through … medium”

In this reading “Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.”

important discoveries adjective + noun counted as “important discovery”

In this reading “At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.”

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.”

At the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.”

sail from verb + particle

In this reading “They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

252

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

385

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

adoptverbUS /əˈdɑːpt/

choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

ashoreadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

Baffin's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

ballnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

Buchan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

cumbered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

DisconounUS /ˈdɪskoʊ/

popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

discoveriesnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

draggingadjectiveUS /ˈdræɡɪŋ/

marked by a painfully slow and effortful manner

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

entertainmentnounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

expedientadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

serving to promote your interest

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

FAILURESnounUS /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

FranklinnounUS /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

friendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

hunting-ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

interpreternounUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətər/

someone who mediates between speakers of different languages

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

invaluableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

IsabellanounUS /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

Lerwick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

lucrativeadjectiveUS /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

MelvillenounUS /ˈmelvɪl/

United States writer of novels and short stories (1819-1891)

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

North-Westadverb

to, toward, or in the northwest

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

obstructionnounUS /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

ParryverbUS /ˈperi/

impede the movement of (an opponent or a ball)

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

PARRY'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

PassagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

ropenounUS /roʊp/

a strong line

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

RossnounUS /rɑːs/

Scottish explorer who led Arctic expeditions that yielded geographic discoveries while searching for the Northwest Passage (1777-1856)

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

ROSS'SnounUS /ˈrɑːsɪz/

possessive form of “ross” — Scottish explorer who led Arctic expeditions that yielded geographic discoveries while searching for the Northwest Passage (1777-1856)

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

Sackheuse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

searchingadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtʃɪŋ/

diligent and thorough in inquiry or investigation

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

sloweradverbUS /ˈsloʊər/

more slowly

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

Spitzbergennoun

islands in the Svalbard archipelago to the east of northern Greenland; belonging to Norway

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

SUCCESSESnounUS /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

tediousadjectiveUS /ˈtiːdiəs/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had set sail from Lerwick on May 3, and by the end of June they were past Disco Island.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

tonsnounUS /tʌnz/

a large number or amount

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

trackingnounUS /ˈtrækɪŋ/

the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After this, progress became slower, for the sea was cumbered with ice, and the crew were compelled to adopt the tedious expedient of “tracking” the ship through it, that is to say, of going ashore with a rope and dragging her through the obstruction.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

whalersnounUS /ˈweɪlərz/

plural of “whaler” — a seaman who works on a ship that hunts whales

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

whalesnounUS /weɪlz/

plural of “whale” — a very large person; impressive in size or qualities

From this reading At the end of July, however, Ross succeeded in reaching Melville Bay, which proved to be one of the most important discoveries of the voyage, for the sea was full of whales, and has proved a lucrative hunting-ground for whalers ever since.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Here, through the medium of John Sackheuse, their invaluable interpreter, they opened up very friendly relations with the natives, in whose honour they gave a ball, which afforded immense entertainment to all concerned.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES While Buchan and Franklin were in difficulties in the ice off Spitzbergen, Ross and Parry with the _Isabella_ (385 tons) and the _Alexander_ (252 tons) were searching the shores of Baffin’s Bay for the North-West Passage.

Chapter 4 of Arctic exploration by J. Douglas Hoare holds 84 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Arctic exploration contain?

Chapter 4 holds 84 sentences of Arctic exploration, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Arctic exploration by J. Douglas Hoare exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 84 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Arctic exploration?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Arctic exploration by J. Douglas Hoare on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Arctic exploration?

Yes. All 2513 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70329 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Arctic exploration is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70329, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Arctic exploration take to read?

About 209 minutes of reading across 503 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Arctic exploration

Words and structures a reader meets early in Arctic exploration, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.