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Arctic exploration
Arctic exploration

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Arctic exploration is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.
As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.
Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.
The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.
The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Arctic exploration

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Arctic exploration is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.
Line 2
As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.
Line 3
Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋli ɪt wɑːz θɔːt best tuː send aʊt rɪˈliːf ˈpɑːrtiz frʌm ðə iːst θruː ˈlænkæstər saʊnd frʌm ðə west θruː ˈberɪŋ streɪt ənd frʌm ðə saʊθ tuː sɜːrtʃ ðə ˈnɔːrðərn ʃɔːrz tuː əˈmerəkə/
Line 4
The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.
/ðə fɜːrst ʌv ðiːz tuː stɑːrt wɑːz ðæt wɪtʃ wɑːz tuː əˈtempt tuː miːt ˈfræŋklɪn baɪ weɪ ʌv ˈberɪŋ streɪt/
Line 5
The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Behring noun US /ˈberɪŋ/

Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)

From this reading “Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.”

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.”

Mackenzie noun US /məˈkenzi/

Canadian explorer (born in England) who explored the Mackenzie River and who was first to cross North America by land north of Mexico (1764-1820)

From this reading “The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.”

onwards adverb US /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading “As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.”

Plover noun US /ˈplʌvər/

any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers

reinforce verb US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs/

make stronger

From this reading “The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.”

sighted adjective US /ˈsaɪtɪd/

able to see

From this reading “As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.”

Strait noun US /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading “Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

northern shores adjective + noun counted as “northern shore”

In this reading “Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.”

voyage round noun + noun

In this reading “The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.”

doubts concerning noun + noun counted as “doubt concern”

In this reading “THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.”

from the east preposition + article + noun counted as “from … east”

In this reading “Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.”

from the south preposition + article + noun counted as “from … south”

In this reading “Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.”

from the west preposition + article + noun counted as “from … west”

In this reading “Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.”

sailed from verb + particle counted as “sail from”

In this reading “As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.”

on a voyage preposition + article + noun counted as “on … voyage”

In this reading “The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1847

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

213

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

AccordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

BEGUNverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

BehringnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

CommandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

doubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

Erebusnoun

(Greek mythology) Greek god of darkness who dwelt in the underworld; son of Chaos; brother of Nox; father of Aether and Day

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

FRANKLINnounUS /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

HeraldverbUS /ˈherəld/

foreshadow or presage

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

Kellett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

MackenzienounUS /məˈkenzi/

Canadian explorer (born in England) who explored the Mackenzie River and who was first to cross North America by land north of Mexico (1764-1820)

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

MoorenounUS /mʊr/

United States composer of works noted for their use of the American vernacular (1893-1969)

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

onwardsadverbUS /ˈɑːnwərdz/

in a forward direction

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

PlovernounUS /ˈplʌvər/

any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

reinforceverbUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs/

make stronger

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

reliefnounUS /rɪˈliːf/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

SEARCHverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

sightedadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪtɪd/

able to see

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

SoundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

StraitnounUS /streɪt/

a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

TerrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

tonsnounUS /tʌnz/

a large number or amount

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN It was in the summer of 1847 that serious doubts concerning the safety of the Franklin expedition were first entertained and the Government decided to take steps towards its relief.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Accordingly, it was thought best to send out relief parties from the east, through Lancaster Sound, from the west, through Behring Strait, and from the south, to search the northern shores to America.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading As we have already seen, the _Erebus_ and _Terror_ were last sighted in Lancaster Sound, and there was no means of knowing in what direction they had sailed from that day onwards.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first of these to start was that which was to attempt to meet Franklin by way of Behring Strait.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The _Herald_ (Captain Kellett), a survey ship of 500 tons was already near the scene of action, and it was decided to reinforce her with the _Plover_, a store ship of 213 tons, under Commander Moore, and to send these two ships on a voyage round the North American coast to the Mackenzie River.

Chapter 14 of Arctic exploration by J. Douglas Hoare holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Arctic exploration contain?

Chapter 14 holds 59 sentences of Arctic exploration, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Arctic exploration by J. Douglas Hoare exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Arctic exploration?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Arctic exploration by J. Douglas Hoare on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Arctic exploration?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #70329, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Arctic exploration take to read?

About 209 minutes of reading across 503 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Arctic exploration

Words and structures a reader meets early in Arctic exploration, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arctic exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.