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Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut
Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.
Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.
He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.
"Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.
He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.
Line 2
Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.
Line 3
He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.
Line 4
"Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.
/naɪts hiː kraɪd θæŋks biː tuː ɡɑːd huː hæz ˈɡɪvən miː maɪ dɪˈzaɪər/
Line 5
He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."
/hiː ɪz ˈvæŋkwɪʃt ənd ˈteɪkən huː hæz kɑːzd sʌtʃ ˈtrʌbəl tuː ðə lænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adversary noun US /ˈædvərseri/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading “Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.”

arrayed adjective US /ərˈeɪd/

in ceremonial attire and paraphernalia

From this reading “Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.”

Britons noun US /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading “He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.”

Cornwall noun US /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading “Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.”

hastening verb US /ˈheɪsənɪŋ/

-ing form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading “Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.”

nasal adjective US /ˈneɪzəl/

of or in or relating to the nose

From this reading “He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.”

paladin noun US /ˈpælədɪn/

someone who fights for a cause

From this reading “Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.”

vanquished verb US /ˈvæŋkwɪʃt/

past form of “vanquish” — come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading “He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

adversarynounUS /ˈædvərseri/

someone who offers opposition

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

arrayedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪd/

in ceremonial attire and paraphernalia

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

assuredadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

BritonsnounUS /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

CornwallnounUS /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

draggedverbUS /dræɡd/

inflected form of “drag” — pull, as against a resistance

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

Eldof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

Gorlois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

hasteningverbUS /ˈheɪsənɪŋ/

-ing form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

helmetnounUS /ˈhelmət/

armor plate that protects the head

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

Hengist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

KnightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

nasaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪzəl/

of or in or relating to the nose

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

paladinnounUS /ˈpælədɪn/

someone who fights for a cause

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

proudlyadverbUS /ˈpraʊdli/

with pride; in a proud manner

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

seizingnounUS /ˈsiːzɪŋ/

small stuff that is used for lashing two or more ropes together

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

stroveverbUS /stroʊv/

inflected form of “strive” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

thanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

vanquishedverbUS /ˈvæŋkwɪʃt/

past form of “vanquish” — come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading He is vanquished and taken who has caused such trouble to the land."

WhilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading Whilst the heroes strove, Gorlois, Earl of Cornwall, came hastening like a paladin to the battle.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Knights," he cried, "thanks be to God Who has given me my desire.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He sprang upon Hengist, and seizing him by the nasal of his helmet, dragged him, with fallen head, amongst the Britons.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Eldof saw him come, and being assured of the end, arrayed himself against his adversary yet more proudly.

Chapter 3 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut by Wace holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut contain?

Chapter 3 holds 403 sentences of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut by Wace exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Common questions about reading Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut by Wace on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut?

Yes. All 3214 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10472 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10472, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut section by section

How to work through Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Words and structures a reader meets early in Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chronicle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wasted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descriptions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.