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Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut
Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.
The king opened out his bitter need.
He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.
But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.
Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut is here in full — 395 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.
Line 2
The king opened out his bitter need.
/ðə kɪŋ ˈoʊpənd aʊt hɪz ˈbɪtər niːd/
Line 3
He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.
Line 4
But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.
/bʌt let ðə klɜːrk siːk ənd baɪ soʊ ðæt ðə kɪŋ hæd hɪz wɪl/
Line 5
Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clerk noun US /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.”

commanded verb US /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading “King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.”

counsel noun US /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading “King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.”

granted adjective US /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading “Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.”

king's noun US /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading “Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.”

Merlin noun US /ˈmɜːrlɪn/

(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor

From this reading “King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.”

prayed verb US /preɪd/

past form of “pray” — address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading “He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.”

wealth noun US /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading “Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The king opened out his bitter need.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

counselnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The king opened out his bitter need.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

Igerne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

king'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

MerlinnounUS /ˈmɜːrlɪn/

(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

MoneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading The king opened out his bitter need.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The king opened out his bitter need.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The king opened out his bitter need.

pity's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

plenteouslyadverb

in a bountiful manner

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

prayedverbUS /preɪd/

past form of “pray” — address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

Ulfin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

Uther

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Uther, by the counsel of Ulfin, commanded Merlin to be brought before him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Money and wealth would be granted plenteously, if gold were needed, for great as was the king's evil, so large would be his delight.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But let the clerk seek and buy so that the king had his will.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He prayed that for pity's sake Merlin would find him a way to his hope, so he were able, since die he must if of Igerne he got no comfort.

Chapter 4 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut by Wace holds 395 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut contain?

Chapter 4 holds 395 sentences of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut by Wace exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 395 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Common questions about reading Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut by Wace on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut?

Yes. All 3214 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10472 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10472, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 643 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut section by section

How to work through Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut

Words and structures a reader meets early in Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chronicle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wasted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Descriptions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fairest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Arthurian Chronicles: Roman de Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.