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As We Sweep Through The Deep
As We Sweep Through The Deep

Chapter XV

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BEFORE CADIZ.
"For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.
It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.
A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.
But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

As We Sweep Through The Deep

Chapter XV

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BEFORE CADIZ.
Line 2
"For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.
Line 3
It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.
Line 4
A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.
Line 5
But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

BEFORE preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “BEFORE CADIZ.”

Cruel adjective US /ˈkruːəl/

causing pain or showing no kindness

From this reading “A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.”

John noun US /john/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.”

Undertaking noun US /ˌʌndərˈteɪkɪŋ/

a serious task, project, or venture that someone agrees to do

From this reading “A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

awful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

BEFOREprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading BEFORE CADIZ.

bombardment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

CADIZ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BEFORE CADIZ.

cannonade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

cause

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

country's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

courage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

cowardly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

causing pain or showing no kindness

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

DIBDIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

doubted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

exigency

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

fights

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

glory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

Heaven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

honour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

independent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

John

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

laws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

native

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

necessity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

often

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

particular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

positively

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

reason

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

seems

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

Sir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But Sir John had one particular reason of his own, independent of exigency, for this cannonade.

undertakingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈteɪkɪŋ/

a serious task, project, or venture that someone agrees to do

From this reading A bombardment is always a cruel undertaking, and often seems positively cowardly.

war

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It may be doubted whether the awful bombardment of Cadiz was a necessity of war.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "For honour, glory, and the laws, Is native courage given; And he who fights his country's cause, Fights in the cause of Heaven."--DIBDIN.