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Aspasia
Aspasia

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Aspasia is here in full — 252 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.
Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.
But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.
Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.
Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Aspasia

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Aspasia is here in full — 252 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.
/ðə kæst ʌv ðə ˈdɪskəs/
Line 2
Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.
Line 3
But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.
Line 4
Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ stɪl nuː ðə wɔːlz ənd ˈpɪlərz wɜːr ɔːlˈredi skrɔːld hiːr ənd ðer wɪð ˈflætərɪŋ ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz ˈpreɪzɪŋ sʌm ˈhænsəm bɔɪ/
Line 5
Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.
/nɑːt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈskʌlptərz tuː huːm ðə ˈɡreɪsfəl ˈfɪɡjərz ʌv ðə juːðz dɪˈspleɪd ˈneɪkəd hiːr ɪn ˈnuːmərəs ˈbɑːdəli ˈeksərsaɪzəz əˈfɔːrdəd ə ˈwelkəm skuːl ʌv ˈsɪmətri ənd ˈbjuːti bʌt ˈaɪdəl ədˈmaɪrərz ʌv ðə ˈbjuːtəfəl keɪm ˈhɪðər tuː ˌenˈdʒɔɪ ðə saɪt ʌv ðə pərˈfekt dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ˈjuːθfəl ɡreɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Acropolis noun US /əˈkrɑːpələs/

the citadel in ancient Greek towns

From this reading “Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.”

Athenians noun US /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading “Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.”

discus noun US /ˈdɪskəs/

an athletic competition in which a disk-shaped object is thrown as far as possible

From this reading “THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.”

flocked verb US /flɑːkt/

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading “Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.”

inscriptions noun US /ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “inscription” — letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading “Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.”

scrawled verb US /skrɔːld/

past form of “scrawl” — write carelessly

From this reading “Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.”

sculptors noun US /ˈskʌlptərz/

plural of “sculptor” — an artist who creates sculptures

From this reading “Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.”

symmetry noun US /ˈsɪmətri/

(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane

From this reading “Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

graceful figures adjective + noun counted as “graceful figure”

In this reading “Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.”

came hither verb + particle counted as “come hither”

In this reading “Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.”

eastern gate adjective + noun

In this reading “But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

AcropolisnounUS /əˈkrɑːpələs/

the citadel in ancient Greek towns

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

admireverbUS /ædˈmaɪr/

feel admiration for

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

admirersnounUS /ədˈmaɪrərz/

plural of “admirer” — a person who backs a politician or a team etc.

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

AtheniansnounUS /əˈθiːniənz/

plural of “athenian” — a resident of Athens

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

CASTverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.

completionnounUS /kəmˈpliːʃən/

(American football) a successful forward pass in football

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

contestnounUS /ˈkɑːntest/

an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

dedicatedadjectiveUS /ˈdedəkeɪtəd/

devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

DISCUSnounUS /ˈdɪskəs/

an athletic competition in which a disk-shaped object is thrown as far as possible

From this reading THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.

displayedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

edificenounUS /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

enjoyverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪ/

derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

exercisesnounUS /ˈeksərsaɪzəz/

plural of “exercise” — the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

flatteringadjectiveUS /ˈflætərɪŋ/

showing or representing to advantage

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

flockedverbUS /flɑːkt/

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

gymnasiumnounUS /dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/

a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

Ilissus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

inscriptionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “inscription” — letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

Lyceumnoun

a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

mastsnounUS /mæsts/

plural of “mast” — a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

musicaladjectiveUS /ˈmjuːzɪkəl/

characterized by or capable of producing music

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

musiciansnounUS /mjuːˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

Odeum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

performancesnounUS /pərˈfɔːrmənsəz/

plural of “performance” — a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

Periclesnoun

Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

pillarsnounUS /ˈpɪlərz/

plural of “pillar” — a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

praisingadjectiveUS /ˈpreɪzɪŋ/

full of or giving praise

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

scrawledverbUS /skrɔːld/

past form of “scrawl” — write carelessly

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

sculptorsnounUS /ˈskʌlptərz/

plural of “sculptor” — an artist who creates sculptures

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

symmetrynounUS /ˈsɪmətri/

(mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAST OF THE DISCUS.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

wedge-shapedadjective

(of a leaf shape) narrowly triangular, wider at the apex and tapering toward the base

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Although still new, the walls and pillars were already scrawled here and there with flattering inscriptions praising some handsome boy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But the completion of the Lyceum soon followed that of the Odeum, and the crowd now flocked out of the eastern gate towards the Ilissus to see the handsome new gymnasium, which had no equal.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Since the magnificent building, devoted by Pericles to musical performances, had been dedicated and opened with a contest between musicians, the Athenians flocked to the southern foot of the Acropolis, to admire the peculiar edifice and its wedge-shaped roof, built of the masts of captured Persian ships.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

youthsnounUS /juːðz/

plural of “youth” — a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Not only the sculptors, to whom the graceful figures of the youths, displayed naked here in numerous bodily exercises, afforded a welcome school of symmetry and beauty, but idle admirers of the beautiful came hither to enjoy the sight of the perfect development of youthful grace.

Chapter 8 of Aspasia by Robert Hamerling holds 252 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Aspasia contain?

Chapter 8 holds 252 sentences of Aspasia, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Aspasia by Robert Hamerling exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 252 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Aspasia?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Aspasia

Common questions about reading Aspasia by Robert Hamerling on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Aspasia?

Yes. All 8883 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76058 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Aspasia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76058, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Aspasia take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1777 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Aspasia section by section

How to work through Aspasia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Aspasia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Aspasia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Aspasia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aspasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aspasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aspasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
According
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aspasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.