Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Astoria
Astoria

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Astoria is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Astoria
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.
WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.
The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.
It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.
Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astoria

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Astoria is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.
Line 2
WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.
/waɪl ðə ˈveriəs ˈkʌmpəniːz wiː hæv ˈnoʊtəst wɜːr ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðer ˈentərpraɪzɪz fɑːr ənd waɪd ɪn ðə waɪldz ʌv ˈkænədə ənd əˈlɔːŋ ðə kɔːrs ʌv ðə ɡreɪt ˈwestərn ˈwɔːtərz ˈʌðər ædˈventʃərərz ˌɪnˈtent ɑːn ðə seɪm ˈɑːbdʒekts wɜːr trəˈvɜːrsɪŋ ðə ˈwɔːtəri weɪsts ʌv ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ənd ˈskɜːrtɪŋ ðə ˌnɔːrˈθwest koʊst ʌv əˈmerəkə/
Line 3
The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.
Line 4
It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.
/ɪt wɑːz æz ɪf ə nuː ɡoʊld koʊst hæd bɪn dɪˈskʌvərd/
Line 5
Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Astor's noun US /ˈæstərz/

possessive form of “astor” — British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)

Carver's noun US /ˈkɑːrvərz/

possessive form of “carver” — United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

Coasting verb US /ˈkoʊstɪŋ/

-ing form of “coast” — move effortlessly; by force of gravity

From this reading “Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.”

discoverer noun US /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.”

lucrative adjective US /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading “Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.”

plying verb US /ˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “ply” — give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

From this reading “Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.”

skirting adjective US /ˈskɜːrtɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading “WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.”

traversing verb US /trəˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading “WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.”

All words in this reading · 125

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1792

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

AcrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

adventurersnounUS /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

Astor'snounUS /ˈæstərz/

possessive form of “astor” — British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

CanadanounUS /ˈkænədə/

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

CarryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

Carver'snounUS /ˈkɑːrvərz/

possessive form of “carver” — United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

Clarke's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

CoastingverbUS /ˈkoʊstɪŋ/

-ing form of “coast” — move effortlessly; by force of gravity

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

CommercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

CookverbUS /kʊk/

prepare a hot meal

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

CorrespondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

dashedadjectiveUS /dæʃt/

having gaps or spaces

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

discoverernounUS /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

DiscoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

EffectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

EnterprisesnounUS /ˈentərpraɪzɪz/

plural of “enterprise” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

ExpeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

flagsnounUS /flæɡz/

plural of “flag” — emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

FoundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

FurnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

IndividualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

intentnounUS /ˌɪnˈtent/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

JeffersonnounUS /ˈdʒefərsən/

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

JourneyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

LewisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

lucrativeadjectiveUS /ˈluːkrətɪv/

producing a sizeable profit

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

Mackenzie's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

NegotiationsnounUS /nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “negotiation” — a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

NorthwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

PacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

plyingverbUS /ˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “ply” — give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

pricesnounUS /ˈpraɪsəz/

plural of “price” — the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

ProjectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

pushingnounUS /ˈpʊʃɪŋ/

the act of applying force in order to move something away

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

quantitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːntətiz/

plural of “quantity” — how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

SchemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

sea-otter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

SettlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

skirtingadjectiveUS /ˈskɜːrtɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

StepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

SubjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

TradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

tradingnounUS /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

trafficnounUS /ˈtræfɪk/

the aggregation of things (pedestrians or vehicles) coming and going in a particular locality during a specified period of time

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

traversingverbUS /trəˈvɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

twenty-onenounUS /ˈtwentiwɔːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty and one

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading The last voyage of that renowned but unfortunate discoverer, Captain Cook, had made known the vast quantities of the sea-otter to be found along that coast, and the immense prices to be obtained for its fur in China.

VoyagesnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was as if a new gold coast had been discovered.

wastesnounUS /weɪsts/

plural of “waste” — any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

wateryadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːtəri/

filled with water

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

WHILEconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

wildsnounUS /waɪldz/

plural of “wild” — a wild primitive state untouched by civilization

From this reading WHILE the various companies we have noticed were pushing their enterprises far and wide in the wilds of Canada, and along the course of the great western waters, other adventurers, intent on the same objects, were traversing the watery wastes of the Pacific and skirting the northwest coast of America.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fur Trade in the Pacific--American Coasting Voyages--Russian Enterprises.--Discovery of the Columbia River.--Carver’s Project to Found a Settlement There.--Mackenzie’s Expedition.--Lewis and Clarke’s Journey Across the Rocky Mountains--Mr. Astor’s Grand Commercial Scheme.--His Correspondence on the Subject With Mr. Jefferson.--His Negotiations With the Northwest Company.--His Steps to Carry His Scheme Into Effect.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Individuals from various countries dashed into this lucrative traffic, so that in the year 1792, there were twenty-one vessels under different flags, plying along the coast and trading with the natives.

Chapter 2 of Astoria by Washington Irving holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Astoria contain?

Chapter 2 holds 138 sentences of Astoria, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Astoria by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Astoria?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Astoria

Common questions about reading Astoria by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astoria?

Yes. All 5686 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astoria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1371, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astoria take to read?

About 473 minutes of reading across 1138 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Astoria section by section

How to work through Astoria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Astoria to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Astoria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astoria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Objects
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.