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Astoria
Astoria

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Astoria is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
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Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.
WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.
This information caused much disquiet.
We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.
52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astoria

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Astoria is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.
Line 2
WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.
Line 3
This information caused much disquiet.
/ðɪs ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən kɑːzd mʌtʃ dɪˈskwaɪət/
Line 4
We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.
/wiː hæv ɔːlˈredi ˈmenʃənd ðæt ðə ˌnɔːrˈθwest ˈkʌmpəniː hæd ɪˈstæblɪʃt poʊsts tuː ðə west ʌv ðə ˈrɑːki ˈmaʊntənz ɪn ə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔːld baɪ ðem nuː ˌkæləˈdoʊniə wɪtʃ ɪkˈstendəd frʌm lɑːt/
Line 5
52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caledonia noun US /ˌkæləˈdoʊniə/

the geographical area (in Roman times) to the north of the Antonine Wall; now a poetic name for Scotland

From this reading “We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.”

Columbian adjective US /ˌkoʊˈlʌmbiən/

of or relating to Christopher Columbus

From this reading “Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.”

completing adjective US /kəmˈpliːtɪŋ/

acting as or providing a complement (something that completes the whole)

From this reading “WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.”

disquiet noun US /dɪˈskwaɪət/

a feeling of mild anxiety about possible developments

From this reading “This information caused much disquiet.”

Disquieting adjective US /dɪˈskwaɪətɪŋ/

causing mental discomfort

From this reading “Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.”

lat noun US /lɑːt/

a broad flat muscle on either side of the back

From this reading “We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.”

territories noun US /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.”

Vancouver's noun US /vænˈkuːvərz/

possessive form of “vancouver” — English navigator remembered for his exploration of the Pacific coast of North America (1757-1798)

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

52

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

55

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

ArrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

Astorians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

busilyadverbUS /ˈbɪzəli/

in a busy manner

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

CaledonianounUS /ˌkæləˈdoʊniə/

the geographical area (in Roman times) to the north of the Antonine Wall; now a poetic name for Scotland

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

CampnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading This information caused much disquiet.

CharacternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

CoffinnounUS /ˈkɔːfɪn/

box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

ColumbianadjectiveUS /ˌkoʊˈlʌmbiən/

of or relating to Christopher Columbus

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

completingadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtɪŋ/

acting as or providing a complement (something that completes the whole)

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

deg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

DifferencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

disquietnounUS /dɪˈskwaɪət/

a feeling of mild anxiety about possible developments

From this reading This information caused much disquiet.

DisquietingadjectiveUS /dɪˈskwaɪətɪŋ/

causing mental discomfort

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

EffectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

EstablishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

ExpeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

factorynounUS /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

FallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

FishingnounUS /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/

the act of someone who fishes as a diversion

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

HabitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

HuntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading This information caused much disquiet.

InterioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

latnounUS /lɑːt/

a broad flat muscle on either side of the back

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

MartnounUS /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

MountverbUS /maʊnt/

attach to a support

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading This information caused much disquiet.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

NorthwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

Oakinagan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

PartynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

PointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

PostverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

PreparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

RapidsnounUS /ˈræpədz/

plural of “rapid” — a part of a river where the current is very fast

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

Reconnoitringnoun

exploring in order to gain information

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

RumorsnounUS /ˈruːmərz/

plural of “rumor” — gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

Sepulchrenoun

a chamber that is used as a grave

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

ShoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

SpiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

SpyverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

territoriesnounUS /ˈterətɔːriz/

plural of “territory” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This information caused much disquiet.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

TradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

TradingnounUS /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

UnexpectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

not expected or anticipated

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

ValleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

Vancouver'snounUS /vænˈkuːvərz/

possessive form of “vancouver” — English navigator remembered for his exploration of the Pacific coast of North America (1757-1798)

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

VillagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We have already mentioned that the Northwest Company had established posts to the west of the Rocky Mountains, in a district called by them New Caledonia, which extended from lat.

WHILEconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading WHILE the Astorians were busily occupied in completing their factory and fort, a report was brought to them by an Indian from the upper part of the river, that a party of thirty white men had appeared on the banks of the Columbia, and were actually building houses at the second rapids.

Wishram

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Disquieting Rumors From the Interior.--Reconnoitring Party-- Preparations for a Trading Post.--An Unexpected Arrival--A Spy in the Camp.--Expedition Into the Interior--Shores of the Columbia--Mount Coffin.--Indian Sepulchre.--The Land of Spirits--Columbian Valley--Vancouver’s Point.-Falls and Rapids.--A Great Fishing Mart.--The Village of Wishram.-- Difference Between Fishing Indians and Hunting Indians-- Effects of Habits of Trade on the Indian Character.--Post Established at the Oakinagan.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading 52 to 55 deg north, being within the British territories.

Chapter 7 of Astoria by Washington Irving holds 255 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Astoria contain?

Chapter 7 holds 255 sentences of Astoria, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Astoria by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 255 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Astoria?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Astoria by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astoria?

Yes. All 5686 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astoria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1371, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astoria take to read?

About 473 minutes of reading across 1138 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Astoria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Astoria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astoria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Objects
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.