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Astoria
Astoria

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Astoria is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
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An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.
THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.
On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.
As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.
When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astoria

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Astoria is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.
Line 2
THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.
Line 3
On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.
Line 4
As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.
/æz ðeɪ druː ˈnɪrər ðeɪ wɜːr ˈrekəɡnaɪzd fɔːr ˈmɪstər krʊks ənd hɪz kəmˈpænjənz/
Line 5
When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.
/wen ðeɪ keɪm ˈɑːpəzət ənd kʊd meɪk ðemˈselvz hɜːrd əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈmɜːrmərɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈrɪvər ðer fɜːrst kraɪ wɑːz fɔːr fuːd ɪn fækt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈɔːlmoʊst stɑːrvd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Crooks noun US /krʊks/

plural of “crook” — someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading “An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.”

encampment noun US /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading “On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.”

hardships noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.”

Laggards noun US /ˈlæɡərdz/

plural of “laggard” — someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading “An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.”

Navigation noun US /ˈnævəˈɡeɪʃən/

the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

From this reading “An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.”

Retrograde verb US /ˈretrəɡreɪd/

move backward in an orbit, of celestial bodies

From this reading “An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.”

starved adjective US /stɑːrvd/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading “When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.”

wanderers noun US /ˈwɑːndərərz/

plural of “wanderer” — someone who leads a wandering unsettled life

From this reading “THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

6th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

Caldron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

CanoenounUS /kəˈnuː/

small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

ComradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

CrooksnounUS /krʊks/

plural of “crook” — someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

dismaladjectiveUS /ˈdɪzməl/

causing dejection

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

encampmentnounUS /ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt/

a site where people on holiday can pitch a tent

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

ExtremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

FearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

HardshipsnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

IllnessnounUS /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

ImpatiencenounUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

LaggardsnounUS /ˈlæɡərdz/

plural of “laggard” — someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

LeavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

Linn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

M'Lellan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

MeetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

murmuringnounUS /ˈmɜːrmərɪŋ/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

NavigationnounUS /ˈnævəˈɡeɪʃən/

the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

NecessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

PartynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

RaftnounUS /ræft/

a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

RetrogradeverbUS /ˈretrəɡreɪd/

move backward in an orbit, of celestial bodies

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

seventy-two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

SkinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

starvedadjectiveUS /stɑːrvd/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

StrangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

SufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

TidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

UnexpectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

not expected or anticipated

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

wanderersnounUS /ˈwɑːndərərz/

plural of “wanderer” — someone who leads a wandering unsettled life

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When they came opposite, and could make themselves heard across the murmuring of the river, their first cry was for food; in fact, they were almost starved.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As they drew nearer, they were recognized for Mr. Crooks and his companions.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading On the morning of the 6th of December, they left their dismal encampment, but had scarcely begun their march when, to their surprise, they beheld a party of white men coming up along the opposite bank of the river.

WillownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading An Unexpected Meeting.--Navigation in a Skin Canoe.-Strange Fears of Suffering Men.-Hardships of Mr. Crooks and His Comrades.--Tidings of M’Lellan.--A Retrograde March.--A Willow Raft.--Extreme Suffering of Some of the Party--Illness of Mr. Crooks.--Impatience of Some of the Men.--Necessity of Leaving the Laggards Behind.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading THE wanderers had now accomplished four hundred and seventy-two miles of their dreary journey since leaving the Caldron Linn; how much further they had yet to travel, and what hardships to encounter, no one knew.

Chapter 23 of Astoria by Washington Irving holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Astoria contain?

Chapter 23 holds 52 sentences of Astoria, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Astoria by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Astoria?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Astoria

Common questions about reading Astoria by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astoria?

Yes. All 5686 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astoria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1371, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astoria take to read?

About 473 minutes of reading across 1138 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Astoria section by section

How to work through Astoria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Astoria to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Astoria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astoria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Objects
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.