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Astoria
Astoria

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Astoria is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.
ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.
As they advanced the country opened.
The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.
Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astoria

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Astoria is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.
Line 2
ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.
Line 3
As they advanced the country opened.
/æz ðeɪ ədˈvænst ðə ˈkʌntri ˈoʊpənd/
Line 4
The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.
/ðə hɪlz wɪtʃ hæd hemd ɪn ðə ˈrɪvər rəˈsiːdɪd ɑːn ˈiːðər hænd ənd ɡreɪt ˈsændi ənd ˈdʌsti pleɪnz ɪkˈstendəd bɪˈfɔːr ðem/
Line 5
Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Balked verb US /bɔːkt/

past form of “balk” — refuse to comply

From this reading “The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.”

cottonwood noun US /ˈkɑːtənwʊd/

any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed

From this reading “Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.”

Foray noun US /ˈfɔːreɪ/

a sudden short attack

From this reading “The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.”

hemmed verb US /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading “The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.”

hilltops noun US /ˈhɪltɑːps/

plural of “hilltop” — the peak of a hill

From this reading “Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.”

Rebuked verb US /rɪˈbjuːkt/

past form of “rebuke” — censure severely or angrily

From this reading “The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.”

receded verb US /rəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “recede” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading “The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.”

Scamper noun US /ˈskæmpər/

rushing about hastily in an undignified way

From this reading “The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading As they advanced the country opened.

AlarmnounUS /əˈlɑːrm/

fear resulting from the awareness of danger

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As they advanced the country opened.

BalkedverbUS /bɔːkt/

past form of “balk” — refuse to comply

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

bendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

BewilderedadjectiveUS /bɪˈwɪldərd/

perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

BullynounUS /ˈbʊli/

a cruel and brutal fellow

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

ChiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

cottonwoodnounUS /ˈkɑːtənwʊd/

any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading As they advanced the country opened.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

covertnounUS /ˈkoʊvərt/

a flock of coots

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

CrowverbUS /kroʊ/

dwell on with satisfaction

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

DesertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

dustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

eastwardadjectiveUS /ˈiːstwərd/

moving toward the east

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

FarenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

ForaynounUS /ˈfɔːreɪ/

a sudden short attack

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

fringed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

GiantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

hemmedverbUS /hemd/

inflected form of “hem” — fold over and sew together to provide with a hem

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

hilltopsnounUS /ˈhɪltɑːps/

plural of “hilltop” — the peak of a hill

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

intervalsnounUS /ˈɪntərvəlz/

plural of “interval” — a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

jokenounUS /dʒoʊk/

a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

MadadjectiveUS /mæd/

roused to anger

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

OccasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading As they advanced the country opened.

pasturage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

ProwlingverbUS /ˈpraʊlɪŋ/

-ing form of “prowl” — move about in or as if in a predatory manner

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

RebukedverbUS /rɪˈbjuːkt/

past form of “rebuke” — censure severely or angrily

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

recededverbUS /rəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “recede” — pull back or move away or backward

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

resumedverbUS /rɪˈzuːmd/

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

RudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

sandyadjectiveUS /ˈsændi/

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

ScampernounUS /ˈskæmpər/

rushing about hastily in an undignified way

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

ScantyadjectiveUS /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

Sharp-Shooter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

ShotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

SignalsnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəlz/

plural of “signal” — any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

SmokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

SnakenounUS /sneɪk/

limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

sunburnt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading ON the 1st of September, Mr. Stuart and his companions resumed their journey, bending their course eastward, along the course of Snake River.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As they advanced the country opened.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

TravellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading The Snake River Deserts.--Scanty Fare.--Bewildered Travellers--Prowling Indians--A Giant Crow Chief.--A Bully Rebuked--Indian Signals.--Smoke on the Mountains.--Mad River.--An Alarm.--An Indian Foray--A Scamper.--A Rude Indian joke.--A Sharp-Shooter Balked of His Shot.

umbrageous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The hills which had hemmed in the river receded on either hand, and great sandy and dusty plains extended before them.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

willowsnounUS /ˈwɪloʊz/

plural of “willow” — any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Occasionally there were intervals of pasturage, and the banks of the river were fringed with willows and cottonwood, so that its course might be traced from the hilltops, winding under an umbrageous covert, through a wide sunburnt landscape.

Chapter 30 of Astoria by Washington Irving holds 205 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Astoria contain?

Chapter 30 holds 205 sentences of Astoria, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Astoria by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 205 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Astoria?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Astoria

Common questions about reading Astoria by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astoria?

Yes. All 5686 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astoria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1371, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astoria take to read?

About 473 minutes of reading across 1138 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Astoria section by section

How to work through Astoria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Astoria to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Astoria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astoria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Objects
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.