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Astoria
Astoria

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of Astoria is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.
THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.
Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.
Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.
His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astoria

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of Astoria is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.
Line 2
THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.
Line 3
Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.
Line 4
Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.
Line 5
His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.
/hɪz oʊld ˈsɪmpəθiz wɪð ðə ˌnɔːrˈθwest ˈkʌmpəniː siːm tuː hæv rɪˈvaɪvd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

awaken verb US /əˈweɪkən/

cause to become awake or conscious

From this reading “Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.”

concurrence noun US /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading “Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.”

Equivocal adjective US /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead

From this reading “The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.”

Manifesto noun US /ˌmænəˈfestoʊ/

a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)

From this reading “The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.”

Northwest noun US /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading “His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.”

precipitate verb US /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

bring about abruptly

From this reading “Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.”

Stuart noun US /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading “Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.”

sympathies noun US /ˈsɪmpəθiz/

plural of “sympathy” — an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading “His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

AbandonverbUS /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

AgreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

ArrangementsnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənts/

plural of “arrangement” — the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

Astoria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

awakenverbUS /əˈweɪkən/

cause to become awake or conscious

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

Clarke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.

concurrencenounUS /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

ConductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

DeparturenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

DispleasedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspliːzd/

not pleased; experiencing or manifesting displeasure

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

doubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

EquivocaladjectiveUS /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

open to two or more interpretations; or of uncertain nature or significance; or (often) intended to mislead

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

factorynounUS /ˈfæktəri/

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

GentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

GoodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

InterioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

M'Dougal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

M'Tavish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

ManifestonounUS /ˌmænəˈfestoʊ/

a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

Messrs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

NorthwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.

PartnersnounUS /ˈpɑːrtnərz/

plural of “partner” — a person's partner in marriage

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

precipitateverbUS /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

bring about abruptly

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

previouslyadverbUS /ˈpriːviəsli/

at an earlier time or formerly

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

revivedadjectiveUS /rɪˈvaɪvd/

restored to consciousness or life or vigor

From this reading His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.

SalenounUS /seɪl/

a particular instance of selling

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.

SignedadjectiveUS /saɪnd/

having a handwritten signature

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

sympathiesnounUS /ˈsɪmpəθiz/

plural of “sympathy” — an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading His old sympathies with the Northwest Company seem to have revived.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE partners found Mr. M’Dougal in all the bustle of preparation; having about nine days previously announced at the factory, his intention of breaking up the establishment, and fixed upon the 1st of July for the time of departure.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Indeed, the whole conduct of Mr. M’Dougal was such as to awaken strong doubts as to his loyal devotion to the cause.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Messrs. Stuart and Clarke felt highly displeased at his taking so precipitate a step, without waiting for their concurrence, when he must have known that their arrival could not be far distant.

YearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The Partners Displeased With M’Dougal.--Equivocal Conduct of That Gentleman--Partners Agree to Abandon Astoria.--Sale of Goods to M’Tavish.--Arrangements for the Year.--Manifesto Signed by the Partners--Departure of M’Tavish for the Interior.

Chapter 36 of Astoria by Washington Irving holds 62 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of Astoria contain?

Chapter 36 holds 62 sentences of Astoria, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of Astoria by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 62 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of Astoria?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Astoria

Common questions about reading Astoria by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astoria?

Yes. All 5686 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astoria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1371, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astoria take to read?

About 473 minutes of reading across 1138 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Astoria section by section

How to work through Astoria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Astoria to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Astoria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astoria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Objects
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enterprise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astoria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.