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Astronomy for Young Australians
Astronomy for Young Australians

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Astronomy for Young Australians is here in full — 587 sentences across 118 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By James Bonwick • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for Astronomy for Young Australians
Context Illustration Reading 1/117 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
YOUNG AUSTRALIANS.
BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.
A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.
ST.
KILDA, November 1, 1866.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astronomy for Young Australians

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Astronomy for Young Australians is here in full — 587 sentences across 118 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/117 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
YOUNG AUSTRALIANS.
/jʌŋ ɔːˈstreɪljənz/
Line 2
BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.
Line 3
A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.
Line 4
ST.
Line 5
KILDA, November 1, 1866.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Astronomy noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
australia noun US /ɔːˈstreɪljə/

a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; Aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony

From this reading “BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
australians noun US /ɔːˈstreɪljənz/

plural of “australian” — a native or inhabitant of Australia

From this reading “YOUNG AUSTRALIANS.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
colonies noun US /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
geography noun US /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading “BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
requirements noun US /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
submits verb US /ˌsʌbˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Teachers noun US /ˈtiːtʃərz/

plural of “teacher” — a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

cheap edition adjective + noun

In this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

278 times in 426,211 chapters
Public Schools noun + noun counted as “public school”

a tuition free school in the United States supported by taxes and controlled by a school board

In this reading “A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.”

2,608 times in 426,211 chapters

All words in this reading · 42

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KILDA, November 1, 1866.

Pending verification
1866

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KILDA, November 1, 1866.

Pending verification
AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
AstronomynounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
AUSTRALIAnounUS /ɔːˈstreɪljə/

a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; Aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
AUSTRALIANSnounUS /ɔːˈstreɪljənz/

plural of “australian” — a native or inhabitant of Australia

From this reading YOUNG AUSTRALIANS.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
BONWICK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

Pending verification
BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
cheapadjectiveUS /tʃiːp/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
coloniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

Pending verification
FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
favourableadjective

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
GEOGRAPHYnounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
JAMESnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
KILDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KILDA, November 1, 1866.

Pending verification
meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading KILDA, November 1, 1866.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PublicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
requirementsnounUS /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
respectfullyadverbUS /rɪˈspektfəli/

in a respectful manner

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading BY JAMES BONWICK, F.R.G.S., AUTHOR OF “GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA,” ETC., ETC.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SchoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ST.

Pending verification
submitsverbUS /ˌsʌbˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
TeachersnounUS /ˈtiːtʃərz/

plural of “teacher” — a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A cheap edition of the “Astronomy for Young Australians” having been desired, to meet the requirements of the Public Schools of the colonies, Mr. Bonwick respectfully submits the present issue to the favourable attention of Teachers.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
YOUNGadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading YOUNG AUSTRALIANS.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 1 of Astronomy for Young Australians by James Bonwick holds 587 sentences, grouped into 118 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Astronomy for Young Australians contain?

Chapter 1 holds 587 sentences of Astronomy for Young Australians, unabridged, divided into 118 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Astronomy for Young Australians by James Bonwick exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 587 sentences, grouped into 118 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Astronomy for Young Australians?

Work through the 118 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 118 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Astronomy for Young Australians

Common questions about reading Astronomy for Young Australians by James Bonwick on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astronomy for Young Australians?

Yes. All 1172 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57091 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astronomy for Young Australians is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57091, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astronomy for Young Australians take to read?

About 97 minutes of reading across 235 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Astronomy for Young Australians section by section

How to work through Astronomy for Young Australians section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Astronomy for Young Australians to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Astronomy for Young Australians

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astronomy for Young Australians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Australians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Australians
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Australians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Australians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bonwick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Australians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.