Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Astronomy for Young Folks
Astronomy for Young Folks

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Astronomy for Young Folks is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Astronomy for Young Folks
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.
There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.
There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.
In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.
Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Astronomy for Young Folks

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Astronomy for Young Folks is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.
Line 2
There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.
Line 3
There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.
/ðer ɑːr ðə ˈbrɪljənt stɑːrz ʌv fɜːrst ˈmæɡnətuːd sʌtʃ æz ˈveɪɡə kəˈpelə ənd ænˈteriz ənd ðer ɑːr ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər hænd stɑːrz soʊ feɪnt ðæt ðeɪ kæn ˈberli biː ɡlɪmpst wɪð ðə moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈteləskoʊps/
Line 4
In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.
/ɪn ˈdʒenərəl ðə moʊst ˈbrɪljənt stɑːrz ɑːr ðə ˈnɪrəst ənd ðə ˈfeɪntəst stɑːrz ɑːr ðə moʊst ˈdɪstənt bʌt ðer ɑːr ˈmeni ɪkˈsepʃənz tuː ðə ruːl sɪns ðer ɑːr stɑːrz ðæt əˈpɪr feɪnt ˈiːvɪn wen kəmˈperətɪvli nɪr bɪˈkɔːz ðeɪ ɑːr smɔːl ənd ʃaɪn wɪð ə ˈfiːbəl laɪt/
Line 5
Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Antares noun US /ænˈteriz/

the brightest star in Scorpius

From this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

Capella noun US /kəˈpelə/

the brightest star in Auriga

From this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

dwarfs noun US /dwɔːrfs/

plural of “dwarf” — a person who is markedly small

From this reading “XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.”

evolution noun US /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading “XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.”

glimpsed verb US /ɡlɪmpst/

past form of “glimpse” — catch a glimpse of or see briefly

From this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

magnitude noun US /ˈmæɡnətuːd/

the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small)

From this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

telescopes noun US /ˈteləskoʊps/

plural of “telescope” — a magnifier of images of distant objects

From this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

Vega noun US /ˈveɪɡə/

prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)

From this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most powerful adverb + adjective

In this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

most brilliant adverb + adjective

In this reading “In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.”

most casual adverb + adjective

In this reading “XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.”

first magnitude adjective + noun

In this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

brilliant stars adjective + noun counted as “brilliant star”

In this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

other hand adjective + noun

In this reading “There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.”

most distant adverb + adjective

In this reading “In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.”

yellow stars adjective + noun counted as “yellow star”

In this reading “There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

61

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

AntaresnounUS /ænˈteriz/

the brightest star in Scorpius

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

barelyadverbUS /ˈberli/

only a very short time before

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

bluish-whiteadjective

of white tinged with blue

From this reading There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.

brightnessnounUS /ˈbraɪtnəs/

the location of a visual perception along a continuum from black to white

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

CapellanounUS /kəˈpelə/

the brightest star in Auriga

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

casualadjectiveUS /ˈkæʒəwəl/

marked by blithe unconcern

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

Cygni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.

differverbUS /ˈdɪfər/

be different

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

DWARFSnounUS /dwɔːrfs/

plural of “dwarf” — a person who is markedly small

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

EVOLUTIONnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

exceptionsnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃənz/

plural of “exception” — a deliberate act of omission

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

faintestadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪntəst/

superlative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

feebleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

GIANTSnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənts/

plural of “giant” — any creature of exceptional size

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

glimpsedverbUS /ɡlɪmpst/

past form of “glimpse” — catch a glimpse of or see briefly

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

magnitudenounUS /ˈmæɡnətuːd/

the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small)

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

REDnounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

sixth-magnitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading Such a star is the faint, sixth-magnitude star, 61 Cygni, one of the nearest of all the stars.

star-gazers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

STARSnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

telescopesnounUS /ˈteləskoʊps/

plural of “telescope” — a magnifier of images of distant objects

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

VeganounUS /ˈveɪɡə/

prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In general the most brilliant stars are the nearest and the faintest stars are the most distant, but there are many exceptions to the rule, since there are stars that appear faint even when comparatively near because they are small and shine with a feeble light.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There are the brilliant stars of first magnitude such as Vega, Capella and Antares, and there are, on the other hand, stars so faint that they can barely be glimpsed with the most powerful telescopes.

XXVIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-seven and one

From this reading XXVIII THE EVOLUTION OF THE STARS--FROM RED GIANTS TO RED DWARFS The most casual of star-gazers is aware that the stars differ one from another in color and in brightness.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading There are red stars, yellow stars, white stars and bluish-white stars.

Chapter 5 of Astronomy for Young Folks by Isabel Martin Lewis holds 424 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Astronomy for Young Folks contain?

Chapter 5 holds 424 sentences of Astronomy for Young Folks, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Astronomy for Young Folks by Isabel Martin Lewis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 424 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Astronomy for Young Folks?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Astronomy for Young Folks

Common questions about reading Astronomy for Young Folks by Isabel Martin Lewis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Astronomy for Young Folks?

Yes. All 2227 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45112 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Astronomy for Young Folks is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45112, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Astronomy for Young Folks take to read?

About 185 minutes of reading across 446 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Astronomy for Young Folks section by section

How to work through Astronomy for Young Folks section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Astronomy for Young Folks to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Astronomy for Young Folks

Words and structures a reader meets early in Astronomy for Young Folks, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Isabel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Folks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Martin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Folks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lewis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Folks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Connected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Astronomy for Young Folks; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.