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Athelstane Ford
Athelstane Ford

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Athelstane Ford is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.
In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.
For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.
The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.
But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Athelstane Ford

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Athelstane Ford is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.
Line 2
In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.
Line 3
For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.
/fɔːr eɪt maɪlz wiː kept ʌp ðə pərˈsuːt ʌv ðə ˈflaɪɪŋ mʊrz ənd ˈoʊnli ˈrestəd frʌm ʃɪr ˈwɪrinəs/
Line 4
The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.
Line 5
But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.
/bʌt ˈkɜːrnəl klaɪv rəˈsiːvd hɪm wɪð ˈfrendʃɪp ənd kɑːzd hɪm tuː biː səˈluːtɪd æz ðə ˈnæbɑːb ʌv ˈbeŋɡəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bengal noun US /ˈbeŋɡəl/

a region whose eastern part is now Bangladesh and whose western part is included in India

From this reading “_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.”

dominions noun US /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading “_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.”

Mogul noun US /ˈmoʊɡəl/

a bump on a ski slope

From this reading “In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.”

Nabob noun US /ˈnæbɑːb/

a governor in India during the Mogul empire

From this reading “But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.”

procuring verb US /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading “In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.”

retribution noun US /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.”

victories noun US /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sheer weariness adjective + noun

In this reading “For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.”

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.”

eight miles adjective + noun counted as “eight mile”

In this reading “For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.”

blow struck verb + adjective

In this reading “In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.”

great battles adjective + noun counted as “great battle”

In this reading “_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.”

In fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.”

rode into verb + particle counted as “ride into”

In this reading “The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.”

judged by verb + particle counted as “judge by”

In this reading “_RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Behar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

BengalnounUS /ˈbeŋɡəl/

a region whose eastern part is now Bangladesh and whose western part is included in India

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

ClivenounUS /klaɪv/

British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

Daudpore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

dominionsnounUS /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

Frederic's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

IndiesnounUS /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

Indostan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Jaffier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

judgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

magnitudenounUS /ˈmæɡnətuːd/

the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small)

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

Marlborough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Meer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

MogulnounUS /ˈmoʊɡəl/

a bump on a ski slope

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

MoorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

NabobnounUS /ˈnæbɑːb/

a governor in India during the Mogul empire

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Omrah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Orissanoun

state in eastern India on the Bay of Bengal

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Plassy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

procuringverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

Prussia's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

resounded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

RETRIBUTIONnounUS /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading The next morning Meer Jaffier rode into our camp at Daudpore, ill at ease.

salutedverbUS /səˈluːtɪd/

past form of “salute” — propose a toast to

From this reading But Colonel Clive received him with friendship, and caused him to be saluted as the Nabob of Bengal.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

sheeradjectiveUS /ʃɪr/

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

Subahdarship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

triflingnounUS /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

victoriesnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

wearinessnounUS /ˈwɪrinəs/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading For eight miles we kept up the pursuit of the flying Moors, and only rested from sheer weariness.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In fact the blow struck that day resounded throughout the entire East Indies, procuring for the English an authority in every Court of Indostan, and for Mr. Clive the rank of Omrah, with many rich presents, from the Great Mogul himself.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading _RETRIBUTION_ Although, judged by the standard of such great battles as the King of Prussia's, or the famous victories won by Marlborough over the French, this affair of Plassy may seem to be but a trifling skirmish, yet the country whose fate was decided upon that field, namely the Subahdarship of Bengal, Orissa, and Behar, is equal in magnitude to the whole of King Frederic's dominions.

Chapter 20 of Athelstane Ford by Allen Upward holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Athelstane Ford contain?

Chapter 20 holds 138 sentences of Athelstane Ford, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Athelstane Ford by Allen Upward exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Athelstane Ford?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Athelstane Ford

Common questions about reading Athelstane Ford by Allen Upward on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Athelstane Ford?

Yes. All 3023 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26677 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Athelstane Ford is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26677, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Athelstane Ford take to read?

About 251 minutes of reading across 605 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Athelstane Ford section by section

How to work through Athelstane Ford section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Athelstane Ford to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Athelstane Ford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Athelstane Ford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Happened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Athelstane Ford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Think
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Athelstane Ford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fallen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Athelstane Ford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Athelstane Ford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.