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Aurelian
Aurelian

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Aurelian is here in full — 450 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Aurelian
Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.
I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.
Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.
The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Aurelian

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Aurelian is here in full — 450 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
Line 2
You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.
Line 3
I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.
Line 4
Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.
/roʊm ˈnevər wɑːz mɔːr kɑːm ðæn naʊ nɔːr əˈperəntli hæz ðer ˈevər ə ˈbetər ˈtempər pəˈzest ɪts ˈpiːpəl/
Line 5
The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

answerable adjective US /ˈænsərəbəl/

capable of being answered

From this reading “The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.”

apprehensions noun US /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading “I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.”

behalf noun US /bɪˈhæf/

as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as “on behalf of” rather than “in behalf of”)

From this reading “You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.”

bondage noun US /ˈbɑːndɪdʒ/

the state of being under the control of a force or influence or abstract power

From this reading “The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.”

concern noun US /kənˈsɜːrn/

something that interests you because it is important or affects you

From this reading “You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.”

cruelties noun US /ˈkruːltiz/

plural of “cruelty” — a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading “The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.”

enlightened adjective US /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading “The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.”

opinions noun US /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading “The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

answerableadjectiveUS /ˈænsərəbəl/

capable of being answered

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

apprehensionsnounUS /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

behalfnounUS /bɪˈhæf/

as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as “on behalf of” rather than “in behalf of”)

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

bondagenounUS /ˈbɑːndɪdʒ/

the state of being under the control of a force or influence or abstract power

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

concernnounUS /kənˈsɜːrn/

something that interests you because it is important or affects you

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

crueltiesnounUS /ˈkruːltiz/

plural of “cruelty” — a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

enlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

FAUSTA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

PISO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

realizedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

violences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Rome never was more calm than now, nor apparently has there ever a better temper possessed its people.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The number of those who are sufficiently enlightened to know that the mind ought not to be in bondage to man, but be held answerable to God alone for its thoughts and opinions, is becoming too great for the violences and cruelties of former ages to be again put in practice against us.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I cannot think that your apprehensions will be realized.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading You need not, dear Fausta, concern yourself on our behalf.

Chapter 2 of Aurelian by William Ware holds 450 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Aurelian contain?

Chapter 2 holds 450 sentences of Aurelian, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Aurelian by William Ware exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 450 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Aurelian?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Aurelian

Common questions about reading Aurelian by William Ware on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Aurelian?

Yes. All 6625 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21953 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Aurelian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21953, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Aurelian take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1325 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Aurelian section by section

How to work through Aurelian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Aurelian to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Aurelian

Words and structures a reader meets early in Aurelian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fausta
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aurelian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surprised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aurelian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Complain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aurelian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Silence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Aurelian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.