Chapter 10 of Aurelian is here in full — 668 sentences across 134 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter X
Chapter 10 of Aurelian is here in full — 668 sentences across 134 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
FROM PISO TO FAUSTA. I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom. I trust you will see him. The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character. Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
Chapter 10 of Aurelian is here in full — 668 sentences across 134 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/133 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business
From this reading “The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.”
a domain in which something is dominant
From this reading “I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.”
plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event
From this reading “The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.”
save from sins
From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”
something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)
From this reading “I trust you will see him.”
being of use or service
From this reading “The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.”
plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time
From this reading “I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.”
produce a literary work
From this reading “I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
having finished or arrived at completion
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
a social unit living together
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading I trust you will see him.
used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
a domain in which something is dominant
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
used to form the superlative
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
to a great degree or extent
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
save from sins
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading I trust you will see him.
primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
in spite of the fact that
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
an instance or single occasion for some event
From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)
From this reading I trust you will see him.
a formal word for “on”
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
being of use or service
From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
which person or people
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
used to talk about the future, or about willingness
From this reading I trust you will see him.
produce a literary work
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
Chapter 10 of Aurelian by William Ware holds 668 sentences, grouped into 134 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 10 holds 668 sentences of Aurelian, unabridged, divided into 134 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 10 of Aurelian by William Ware exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 668 sentences, grouped into 134 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 134 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 134 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Aurelian by William Ware on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 6625 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21953 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #21953, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 552 minutes of reading across 1325 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Aurelian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 11 chapters of Aurelian to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Aurelian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
