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Aurelian
Aurelian

Chapter X

Cover illustration for Aurelian
Context Illustration Reading 1/134 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
I trust you will see him.
The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Aurelian

Chapter X

Reading 1/134 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.
Line 2
I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.
Line 3
I trust you will see him.
Line 4
The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.
Line 5
Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Done noun US /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Hands plural noun US /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading “I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Short adjective US /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adversities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

effects

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From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

FAUSTA

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From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

handsplural nounUS /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I trust you will see him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

kingdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

misfortunes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

Palmyra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

PISO

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From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

redeem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I trust you will see him.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Though the time has been so short, he has done much to redeem himself.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FROM PISO TO FAUSTA.

trust

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I trust you will see him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

useful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The adversities of his family and the misfortunes of his country have had most useful effects upon his character.

Vabalathus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

visits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I trust you will see him.

write

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I write to you, Fausta, by the hands of Vabalathus, who visits Palmyra on his way to his new kingdom.