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Australia Felix
Australia Felix

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Australia Felix is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.
The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.
Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.
Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.
The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Australia Felix

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Australia Felix is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.
Line 2
The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.
Line 3
Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.
Line 4
Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.
Line 5
The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belched verb US /beltʃt/

past form of “belch” — expel gas from the stomach

From this reading “Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.”

cradles noun US /ˈkreɪdəlz/

plural of “cradle” — a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading “Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.”

deposits noun US /dəˈpɑːzɪts/

plural of “deposit” — the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating

From this reading “The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.”

frothy adjective US /ˈfrɔːθi/

emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation

From this reading “In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.”

gullies noun US /ˈɡʌliz/

plural of “gully” — deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)

From this reading “In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.”

gutters noun US /ˈɡʌtərz/

plural of “gutter” — a channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater

From this reading “The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.”

retrograde verb US /ˈretrəɡreɪd/

move backward in an orbit, of celestial bodies

From this reading “Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.”

tubs noun US /tʌbz/

plural of “tub” — a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body

From this reading “Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

aerialnounUS /ˈeriəl/

a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

Ballarat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

basalticadjective

of or relating to or containing basalt

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

baynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

belchedverbUS /beltʃt/

past form of “belch” — expel gas from the stomach

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

Bendigo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

boiler-houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

capitalistnounUS /ˈkæpətəlɪst/

a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

changingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

marked by continuous change or effective action

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

chimneynounUS /ˈtʃɪmni/

a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

ChinesenounUS /tʃaɪˈniːz/

any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

cradlesnounUS /ˈkreɪdəlz/

plural of “cradle” — a baby bed with sides and rockers

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

depositsnounUS /dəˈpɑːzɪts/

plural of “deposit” — the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

diggingsnoun

an excavation for ore or precious stones or for archaeology

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

dotnounUS /dɑːt/

a very small circular shape

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

Engine-sheds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

frothyadjectiveUS /ˈfrɔːθi/

emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

gulliesnounUS /ˈɡʌliz/

plural of “gully” — deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

guttersnounUS /ˈɡʌtərz/

plural of “gutter” — a channel along the eaves or on the roof; collects and carries away rainwater

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

Mahony

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

Ned's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

NowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

outlyingadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

poppet-head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

rangesnounUS /ˈreɪndʒəz/

plural of “range” — an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

retrogradeverbUS /ˈretrəɡreɪd/

move backward in an orbit, of celestial bodies

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

richestadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtʃəst/

superlative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

risksnounUS /rɪsks/

plural of “risk” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

rock-mining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

SwampverbUS /swɑːmp/

drench or submerge or be drenched or submerged

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The richest gutters were found to take their rise below the basaltic deposits; the difficulties and risks of rock-mining had now to be faced, and the capitalist, so long held at bay, at length made free of the field.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

trolley-line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Engine-sheds and boiler-houses began to dot the ground; here and there a tall chimney belched smoke, beside a lofty poppet-head or an aerial trolley-line.

tubsnounUS /tʌbz/

plural of “tub” — a relatively large open container that you fill with water and use to wash the body

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The character of the diggings was changing before his very eyes.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

windlasses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Nowadays, except on an outlying muddy flat or in the hands of the retrograde Chinese, tubs, cradles, and windlasses were rarely to be met with.

Yuille's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the weeks and months that followed, as he rode from one end of Ballarat to the other--from Yuille's Swamp in the west, as far east as the ranges and gullies of Little Bendigo--it gradually became plain to Mahony that Ned's frothy tales had some body in them after all.

Chapter 23 of Australia Felix by Henry Handel Richardson holds 173 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Australia Felix contain?

Chapter 23 holds 173 sentences of Australia Felix, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Australia Felix by Henry Handel Richardson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 173 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Australia Felix?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Australia Felix

Common questions about reading Australia Felix by Henry Handel Richardson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Australia Felix?

Yes. All 8422 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3832 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Australia Felix is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3832, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Australia Felix take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Australia Felix section by section

How to work through Australia Felix section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Australia Felix to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Australia Felix

Words and structures a reader meets early in Australia Felix, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Summit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australia Felix; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heaps
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australia Felix; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Woman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australia Felix; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Silhouette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australia Felix; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.