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Australian Heroes and Adventurers
Australian Heroes and Adventurers

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Australian Heroes and Adventurers is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."
--COWPER.
Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.
The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.
The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Australian Heroes and Adventurers

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Australian Heroes and Adventurers is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."
Line 2
--COWPER.
/ˈkaʊpər/
Line 3
Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.
Line 4
The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.
/ðə kəˈlektɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈlaɪsəns fiː wɑːz frʌm ðə fɜːrst æn ˌɪnˈvɪdiəs ˈduːti wɪtʃ dɪˈmændəd ə væst diːl ʌv tækt ɑːn ðə pɑːrt ʌv ðə kəˈmɪʃənərz ənd stæf fɔːr ðə ˈdɪɡərz wɜːr ˈɔːlweɪz əˈpoʊzd tuː ðə tæks ənd ˈmeni wɜːr ðə ˈruːzɪz ðeɪ əˈdɑːptɪd tuː ɪˈskeɪp ɪts ˈpeɪmənt/
Line 5
The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Commissioners noun US /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading “Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.”

cowper noun US /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading “--COWPER.”

diggers noun US /ˈdɪɡərz/

plural of “digger” — a laborer who digs

From this reading “Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.”

feuds noun US /fjuːdz/

plural of “feud” — a bitter quarrel between two parties

From this reading “_THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."”

grievance noun US /ˈɡriːvəns/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading “Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.”

invidious adjective US /ˌɪnˈvɪdiəs/

containing or implying a slight or showing prejudice

From this reading “The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.”

ruses noun US /ˈruːzɪz/

plural of “rus” — the medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev

From this reading “The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.”

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.”

in connection preposition + noun

In this reading “The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.”

deal of verb + particle

In this reading “The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.”

on the part preposition + article + noun counted as “on … part”

In this reading “The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

Ballarat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

collectingnounUS /kəˈlektɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

CommissionersnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

COWPERnounUS /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading --COWPER.

curbnounUS /kɜːrb/

an edge between a sidewalk and a roadway consisting of a line of curbstones (usually forming part of a gutter)

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

demandedverbUS /dɪˈmændəd/

past form of “demand” — request urgently and forcefully

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

DIGGER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

diggersnounUS /ˈdɪɡərz/

plural of “digger” — a laborer who digs

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

disturbverbUS /dɪˈstɜːrb/

move deeply

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

excessnounUS /ˈekses/

a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

feenounUS /fiː/

a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

feudsnounUS /fjuːdz/

plural of “feud” — a bitter quarrel between two parties

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

gold-digger's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

GoldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

grievancenounUS /ˈɡriːvəns/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

impostnoun

money collected under a tariff

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

invidiousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɪdiəs/

containing or implying a slight or showing prejudice

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

LibertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

LICENSEnounUS /ˈlaɪsəns/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

needfuladjectiveUS /ˈniːdfəl/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

opposedadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzd/

being in opposition or having an opponent

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

paymentnounUS /ˈpeɪmənt/

a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

PointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

riotnounUS /ˈraɪət/

a public act of violence by an unruly mob

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

rusesnounUS /ˈruːzɪz/

plural of “rus” — the medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

Shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

skirmishnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

staffnounUS /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

suppressverbUS /səˈpres/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

tactnounUS /tækt/

consideration in dealing with others and avoiding giving offense

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

taxverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The collecting of the license fee was from the first an invidious duty, which demanded a vast deal of tact on the part of the Commissioners and staff, for the diggers were always opposed to the tax, and many were the ruses they adopted to escape its payment.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Another and greater grievance which daily stirred up strife between the diggers and the Commissioners was the gold-digger's license.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The first skirmish in connection with this impost took place at the Golden Point, Ballarat.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading _THE DIGGER'S LICENSE._ "Let active laws apply the needful curb, To guard the peace that riot would disturb; And Liberty, preserved from wild excess, Shall raise no feuds for armies to suppress."

Chapter 9 of Australian Heroes and Adventurers by William T. (William Thomas) Pyke holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Australian Heroes and Adventurers contain?

Chapter 9 holds 89 sentences of Australian Heroes and Adventurers, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Australian Heroes and Adventurers by William T. (William Thomas) Pyke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Australian Heroes and Adventurers?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Australian Heroes and Adventurers

Common questions about reading Australian Heroes and Adventurers by William T. (William Thomas) Pyke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Australian Heroes and Adventurers?

Yes. All 1213 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40003 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Australian Heroes and Adventurers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40003, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Australian Heroes and Adventurers take to read?

About 101 minutes of reading across 243 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Australian Heroes and Adventurers section by section

How to work through Australian Heroes and Adventurers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Australian Heroes and Adventurers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Australian Heroes and Adventurers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Australian Heroes and Adventurers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Adventurers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australian Heroes and Adventurers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australian Heroes and Adventurers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australian Heroes and Adventurers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Australian Heroes and Adventurers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.