Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Autobiographic Sketches
Autobiographic Sketches

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Autobiographic Sketches is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Autobiographic Sketches
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.
Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.
A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.
And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.
Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Autobiographic Sketches

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Autobiographic Sketches is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.
/aɪ æm ˌɪntrəˈduːst tuː ðə ˈwɔːrfer ʌv ə ˈpʌblɪk skuːl/
Line 2
Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.
Line 3
A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.
/ə hed ˈɡɑːrdənər bɪˈsaɪdz ˈleɪbərərz ˈiːkwəl tuː æt liːst tuː mɔːr wɜːr riˈkwaɪərd fɔːr ðə ɡraʊndz ənd ˈɡɑːrdənz/
Line 4
And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.
/ənd noʊ ˈmoʊtɪv ɪɡˈzɪstəd ˈeni ˈlɔːŋɡər fɔːr ˈbiːɪŋ nɪr tuː ə ɡreɪt ˈtreɪdɪŋ taʊn soʊ lɔːŋ ˈæftər ðə kəˈmɜːrʃəl kəˈnekʃən wɪð ɪt hæd siːst/
Line 5
Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.
/bæθ siːmd ɑːn ɔːl əˈkaʊnts ðə ˈnætʃərəl ˈsteɪʃən fɔːr ə ˈpɜːrsən ɪn maɪ ˈmʌðərz ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən ənd ˈðɪθɜːr əˈkɔːrdɪŋli ʃiː went/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accounts noun US /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading “Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.”

commercial adjective US /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading “And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.”

costly adjective US /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading “Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.”

existed verb US /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.”

gardener noun US /ˈɡɑːrdənər/

someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading “A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.”

laborers noun US /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading “A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.”

trading noun US /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading “And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.”

warfare noun US /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

AMauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

BathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

commercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

costlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstli/

entailing great loss or sacrifice

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

FournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

gardenernounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənər/

someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

Greenhay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

INTRODUCEDverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

laborersnounUS /ˈleɪbərərz/

plural of “laborer” — someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

motivenounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

PUBLICnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

thitheradverbUS /ˈðɪθɜːr/

an old word meaning “to that place”

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

tradingnounUS /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

buying or selling securities or commodities

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

WARFAREnounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading I AM INTRODUCED TO THE WARFARE OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Bath seemed, on all accounts, the natural station for a person in my mother's situation; and thither, accordingly, she went.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A head gardener, besides laborers equal to at least two more, were required for the grounds and gardens.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And no motive existed any longer for being near to a great trading town, so long after the commercial connection with it had ceased.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Four years after my father's death, it began to be perceived that there was no purpose to be answered in any longer keeping up the costly establishment of Greenhay.

Chapter 5 of Autobiographic Sketches by Thomas De Quincey holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Autobiographic Sketches contain?

Chapter 5 holds 152 sentences of Autobiographic Sketches, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Autobiographic Sketches by Thomas De Quincey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Autobiographic Sketches?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Autobiographic Sketches

Common questions about reading Autobiographic Sketches by Thomas De Quincey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Autobiographic Sketches?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Autobiographic Sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Autobiographic Sketches take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Autobiographic Sketches section by section

How to work through Autobiographic Sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Autobiographic Sketches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Autobiographic Sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Autobiographic Sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Autobiographic Sketches, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Autobiographic Sketches, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Autobiographic Sketches, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.