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Autobiography of a Female Slave
Autobiography of a Female Slave

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Autobiography of a Female Slave is here in full — 318 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Autobiography of a Female Slave
Context Illustration Reading 1/63 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.
When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.
As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."
"Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.
One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Autobiography of a Female Slave

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Autobiography of a Female Slave is here in full — 318 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/63 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.
Line 2
When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.
/wen aɪ bɪˈɡæn tuː ɡeɪn streŋkθ mɪs ˈnænsi tʊk miː aʊt ɪn ə ˈkærɪdʒ ʌv ˈiːvnɪŋz ənd hæd ɪt nɑːt bɪn fɔːr ðə ˈmelənkɑːli ˌrekəˈlekʃənz ðæt hʌŋ laɪk ə pɑːl ərˈaʊnd maɪ hɑːrt laɪf wʊd hæv bɪn ˈbjuːtəfəl tuː miː/
Line 3
As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."
Line 4
"Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.
Line 5
One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.
/wʌn ˈiːvnɪŋ wen wiː hæd rɪˈtɜːrnd frʌm ə draɪv aɪ ˈnoʊtəst ðæt ʃiː eɪt ˈveri ˈlɪtəl ˈsʌpər ənd hɜːr hænd ˈtrembəld ˈvaɪələntli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

eyelids noun US /ˈaɪlɪdz/

plural of “eyelid” — either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye

From this reading “"Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.”

flaunting verb US /ˈflɔːntɪŋ/

-ing form of “flaunt” — display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously

From this reading “As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."”

gaudy adjective US /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading “As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."”

gradual adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading “GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.”

merchandise noun US /ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪz/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading “As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."”

pall verb US /pɑːl/

become less interesting or attractive

From this reading “When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.”

recollections noun US /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading “When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.”

wickedness noun US /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading “As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

trembled violently verb + particle counted as “tremble violently”

In this reading “One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.”

gain strength verb + noun

In this reading “When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.”

most elegant adverb + adjective

In this reading “As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."”

OLD ACQUAINTANCE adjective + noun

In this reading “GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.”

big tears adjective + noun

In this reading “"Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.”

returned from verb + particle counted as “return from”

In this reading “One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

ACQUAINTANCEnounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

atenounUS /eɪt/

goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

BRIGHTERadjectiveUS /ˈbraɪtər/

comparative of “bright” — emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

brightly-lighted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

elegantadjectiveUS /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

eveningsnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

plural of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

eyelidsnounUS /ˈaɪlɪdz/

plural of “eyelid” — either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

flauntingverbUS /ˈflɔːntɪŋ/

-ing form of “flaunt” — display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

gaudyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɔːdi/

tastelessly showy

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

gayest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

GRADUALadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

HAPPYadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

merchandisenounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪz/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

NancynounUS /ˈnænsi/

a city in northeastern France in Lorraine

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

pallverbUS /pɑːl/

become less interesting or attractive

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

PROSPECTSnounUS /ˈprɑːspekts/

plural of “prospect” — the possibility of future success

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

recollectionsnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “recollection” — the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

RETURNverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

sighverbUS /saɪ/

heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

SPIRITSnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading GRADUAL RETURN OF HAPPY SPIRITS--BRIGHTER PROSPECTS--AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

suppernounUS /ˈsʌpər/

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

trembledverbUS /ˈtrembəld/

past form of “tremble” — move or jerk quickly and involuntarily up and down or sideways

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

violentlyadverbUS /ˈvaɪələntli/

in a violent manner

From this reading One evening when we had returned from a drive, I noticed that she ate very little supper, and her hand trembled violently.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

wickednessnounUS /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As we drove slowly through the brightly-lighted streets, and looked in at the gaudy and flaunting windows, where the gayest and most elegant articles of merchandise were exhibited, I remarked to Miss Nancy, with a sigh, "Life might be made a very gay and cheerful thing--almost a pleasure, were it not for the wickedness of men."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading When I began to gain strength Miss Nancy took me out in a carriage of evenings; and had it not been for the melancholy recollections that hung like a pall around my heart, life would have been beautiful to me.

yesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading "Ah, yes, it might, indeed," she replied, and the big tears rested upon her eyelids.

Chapter 23 of Autobiography of a Female Slave by Martha Griffith Browne holds 318 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Autobiography of a Female Slave contain?

Chapter 23 holds 318 sentences of Autobiography of a Female Slave, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Autobiography of a Female Slave by Martha Griffith Browne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 318 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Autobiography of a Female Slave?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Autobiography of a Female Slave

Common questions about reading Autobiography of a Female Slave by Martha Griffith Browne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Autobiography of a Female Slave?

Yes. All 7379 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55813 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Autobiography of a Female Slave is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55813, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Autobiography of a Female Slave take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1476 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Autobiography of a Female Slave section by section

How to work through Autobiography of a Female Slave section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Autobiography of a Female Slave to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Autobiography of a Female Slave

Words and structures a reader meets early in Autobiography of a Female Slave, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conclusion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Autobiography of a Female Slave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Autobiography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Autobiography of a Female Slave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Female
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Autobiography of a Female Slave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slave
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Autobiography of a Female Slave; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.