Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Automobiles
Automobiles

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Automobiles is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Automobiles
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.
For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.
If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.
On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.
The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Automobiles

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Automobiles is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.
Line 2
For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.
/fɔːr ˈveriəs ˈriːzənz ðeɪ duː nɑːt tɜːrn æt ðə seɪm reɪt ʌv spiːd ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˈtɜːrnɪŋ ˈkɔːrnərz wer ðə ˈaʊtər wiːl mʌst ˈtrævəl ə ˈɡreɪtər ˈdɪstəns ðæn ðə ˈɪnər wiːl/
Line 3
If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.
/ɪf boʊθ wiːlz ɑːr fɪkst tuː ðə ʃæft ðə ˈlætər wʊd biː səbˈmɪtɪd tuː ə tɔːrk ɔːr wʌn ʌv ðə wiːlz wʊd slɪp ənd ðʌs biː dɪˈstrʌktɪv ʌv ˈtaɪərz/
Line 4
On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.
Line 5
The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.
/ðə ˌdɪfərˈenʃəl ɪz meɪd ʌp ʌv ə ˈsɪstəm ʌv ɡɪrz wɪtʃ ɑːr soʊ ərˈeɪndʒd ðæt wʌn wiːl meɪ tɜːrn ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli ʌv ðə ˈʌðər ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm ðə ɪˈfektɪv ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈpaʊər ɪz ˈjuːtəlaɪzd baɪ iːtʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

axle noun US /ˈæksəl/

a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading “THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.”

designate verb US /ˈdezəɡneɪt/

assign a name or title to

From this reading “THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.”

differential noun US /ˌdɪfərˈenʃəl/

the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx

From this reading “THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.”

gears noun US /ɡɪrz/

plural of “gear” — a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading “The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.”

independently adverb US /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/

on your own; without outside help

From this reading “The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.”

tires noun US /ˈtaɪərz/

plural of “tire” — hoop that covers a wheel

From this reading “If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.”

torque noun US /tɔːrk/

a twisting force

From this reading “If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.”

utilized adjective US /ˈjuːtəlaɪzd/

put to use

From this reading “The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.”

greater distance adjective + noun

In this reading “For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.”

opposite ends adjective + noun counted as “opposite end”

In this reading “THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.”

various reasons adjective + noun counted as “various reason”

In this reading “For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.”

other hand adjective + noun

In this reading “On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.”

same rate adjective + noun

In this reading “For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

appliedadjectiveUS /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

axlenounUS /ˈæksəl/

a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

designateverbUS /ˈdezəɡneɪt/

assign a name or title to

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

DIFFERENTIALnounUS /ˌdɪfərˈenʃəl/

the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

gearsnounUS /ɡɪrz/

plural of “gear” — a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

independentlyadverbUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/

on your own; without outside help

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

MEANINGnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

shaftnounUS /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

slipverbUS /slɪp/

move stealthily

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

tireverbUS /ˈtaɪər/

lose interest or become bored with something or somebody

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

tiresnounUS /ˈtaɪərz/

plural of “tire” — hoop that covers a wheel

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

torquenounUS /tɔːrk/

a twisting force

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

tractiveadjective

exerting traction and serving to pull

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

undulyadverbUS /ənˈduːli/

to an undue degree

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

utilizedadjectiveUS /ˈjuːtəlaɪzd/

put to use

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading On the other hand, if one wheel should be loose, then, as power is applied to the shaft, the tractive action would be on one wheel only, and this would be bad practice, and frequently cause the wheel to slip, and thus unduly increase the wear of the tire.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading THE DIFFERENTIAL THE MEANING OF DIFFERENTIAL.--This is a term used to designate the difference in the turning movement of two wheels on opposite ends of an axle.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading For various reasons they do not turn at the same rate of speed, particularly in turning corners, where the outer wheel must travel a greater distance than the inner wheel.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The differential is made up of a system of gears, which are so arranged that one wheel may turn independently of the other, and at the same time the effective driving power is utilized by each.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If both wheels are fixed to the shaft the latter would be submitted to a torque, or one of the wheels would slip, and thus be destructive of tires.

Chapter 6 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Automobiles contain?

Chapter 6 holds 37 sentences of Automobiles, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Automobiles?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Automobiles

Common questions about reading Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Automobiles?

Yes. All 1823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73790 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Automobiles is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73790, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Automobiles take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 365 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Automobiles section by section

How to work through Automobiles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Automobiles to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Automobiles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Automobiles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Zerbe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.