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Automobiles
Automobiles

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Automobiles is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.
In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.
Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.
This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.
TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Automobiles

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Automobiles is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.
/trænˈsmɪʃən ɔːr tʃeɪndʒ spiːd ɡɪrz ˈoʊɪŋ tuː ðə pəˈkjuːljər ˈkerɪktər ʌv ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl kəmˈbʌstʃən ˈendʒənz ðer ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz ə ˈsɜːrtən spiːd æt wɪtʃ ɪt wɪl wɜːrk mɔːr ˌsætɪˈsfæktrəli ənd wɪð ˈɡreɪtər ɪˈkɑːnəmi/
Line 2
In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.
/ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspekt ɪt ɪz ənˈlaɪk ðə stiːm ˈendʒən wɪtʃ hæz ə mʌtʃ ˈwaɪdər reɪndʒ ʌv ɪˈfektɪvnəs/
Line 3
Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.
/sɪns ɔːl kɑːrz naʊ juːs ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl kəmˈbʌstʃən ˈmoʊtərz ənd ˈθrɑːtəlɪŋ ɪz ˌʌnsətɪˈsfæktəri æz ə miːnz ʌv kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə ˈendʒən ɔːr ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ ðə spiːd ənd ˈpaʊər soʊ æz tuː juːs ɪt ˌekəˈnɑːmɪkli ə məˈkænɪkəl spiːd tʃeɪndʒ ˈsɪstəm ɪz eˈsenʃəl/
Line 4
This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.
/ðɪs kənˈteɪnz ˈsɜːrtən ɡɪrz wɪtʃ ɑːr dɪˈzaɪnd tuː tʃeɪndʒ ðə spiːd ʌv ðə trænˈsmɪʃən ʃæft ˈrelətɪv tuː ðə ˈendʒən ʃæft/
Line 5
TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

combustion noun US /kəmˈbʌstʃən/

a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light

From this reading “TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.”

economically adverb US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪkli/

with respect to economic science

From this reading “Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.”

effectiveness noun US /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/

power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect

From this reading “In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.”

gears noun US /ɡɪrz/

plural of “gear” — a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading “TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.”

leverage noun US /ˈlevərɪdʒ/

the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever

From this reading “TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.”

revolutions noun US /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading “TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.”

throttling noun US /ˈθrɑːtəlɪŋ/

the act of suffocating (someone) by constricting the windpipe

From this reading “Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.”

transmission noun US /trænˈsmɪʃən/

the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted

From this reading “TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steam engine verb + noun

external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder

In this reading “In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.”

wider range adjective + noun counted as “wide range”

In this reading “In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.”

peculiar character adjective + noun

In this reading “TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.”

certain number adjective + noun

In this reading “TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

carsnounUS /kɑːrz/

plural of “car” — a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

CHANGEverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

changingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

marked by continuous change or effective action

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

CombustionnounUS /kəmˈbʌstʃən/

a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

containsverbUS /kənˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.

controllingadjectiveUS /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

From this reading This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.

economicallyadverbUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪkli/

with respect to economic science

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

economynounUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

effectivenessnounUS /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/

power to be effective; the quality of being able to bring about an effect

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

EnginesnounUS /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

GEARSnounUS /ɡɪrz/

plural of “gear” — a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

InternaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

LEVERAGEnounUS /ˈlevərɪdʒ/

the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

mechanicaladjectiveUS /məˈkænɪkəl/

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

motorsnounUS /ˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “motor” — machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

OwingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

revolutionsnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

satisfactorilyadverbUS /ˌsætɪˈsfæktrəli/

in a satisfactory manner

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

shaftnounUS /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading This contains certain gears, which are designed to change the speed of the transmission shaft relative to the engine shaft.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

SPEEDverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

throttlingnounUS /ˈθrɑːtəlɪŋ/

the act of suffocating (someone) by constricting the windpipe

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

TRANSMISSIONnounUS /trænˈsmɪʃən/

the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

unsatisfactoryadjectiveUS /ˌʌnsətɪˈsfæktəri/

not giving satisfaction

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Since all cars now use internal combustion motors, and throttling is unsatisfactory, as a means of controlling the engine, or changing the speed and power, so as to use it economically, a mechanical speed change system is essential.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading TRANSMISSION LEVERAGE.--It is simply using leverage in order to produce a more effective pull, or to attain greater speed, from a shaft which runs at a certain number of revolutions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

wideradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdər/

comparative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In this respect it is unlike the steam engine, which has a much wider range of effectiveness.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading TRANSMISSION, OR CHANGE SPEED GEARS Owing to the peculiar character of Internal Combustion Engines, there is always a certain speed at which it will work more satisfactorily, and with greater economy.

Chapter 9 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Automobiles contain?

Chapter 9 holds 92 sentences of Automobiles, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Automobiles?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Automobiles

Common questions about reading Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Automobiles?

Yes. All 1823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73790 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Automobiles is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73790, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Automobiles take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 365 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Automobiles section by section

How to work through Automobiles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Automobiles to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Automobiles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Automobiles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Zerbe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.