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Automobiles
Automobiles

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Automobiles is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Automobiles
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.
The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:
VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.
The rest is waste.
A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Automobiles

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Automobiles is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.
/ðə ˈmoʊtər ðɪs ɪz ə səbˈdʒekt soʊ væst ənd ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv ðæt ɪt wɪl ˌriːˈkwaɪər moʊst ˈkerfəl θɔːt ənd əˈtenʃən ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː ɡet ə ˈwɜːrkɪŋ aɪˈdiːə ʌv ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl/
Line 2
The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:
/ðə ˈɡreɪtəst rɪˈfaɪnmənts ɑːr rɪˈzɔːrtɪd tuː ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈhændlɪŋ ʌv ˈendʒənz ənd mɔːr əˈtenʃən ɪz bɪˈstoʊd ɑːn ðɪs pɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl ðæn ɑːn ˈeni ˈʌðər ˈfiːtʃər fɔːr ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈriːzən/
Line 3
VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.
Line 4
The rest is waste.
/ðə rest ɪz weɪst/
Line 5
A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comprehensive adjective US /ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv/

including all or everything

From this reading “THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.”

derives verb US /dərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “derive” — reason by deduction; establish by deduction

From this reading “A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.”

expansion noun US /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading “A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.”

gasoline noun US /ˈɡæsəliːn/

a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines

From this reading “A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.”

handling noun US /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading “The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:”

refinements noun US /rɪˈfaɪnmənts/

plural of “refinement” — a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading “The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:”

resorted verb US /rɪˈzɔːrtɪd/

past form of “resort” — have recourse to

From this reading “The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:”

utilized adjective US /ˈjuːtəlaɪzd/

put to use

From this reading “VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

per cent preposition + noun

In this reading “VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.”

gasoline engine noun + noun

an internal-combustion engine that burns gasoline; most automobiles are driven by gasoline engines

In this reading “A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.”

bestowed on verb + particle counted as “bestow on”

In this reading “The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:”

most careful adverb + adjective

In this reading “THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.”

more attention adjective + noun

In this reading “The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

automobilenounUS /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

bestowedverbUS /bɪˈstoʊd/

past form of “bestow” — present

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

comprehensiveadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv/

including all or everything

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

derivesverbUS /dərˈaɪvz/

third-person singular of “derive” — reason by deduction; establish by deduction

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

enginesnounUS /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

expansionnounUS /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

FUELverbUS /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

gasolinenounUS /ˈɡæsəliːn/

a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

handlingnounUS /ˈhændlɪŋ/

manual (or mechanical) carrying or moving or delivering or working with something

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

MOTORnounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading A gasoline engine is a heat motor,--that is, it derives its power from the expansion of the fuel, and this expansion is produced by the heat.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

refinementsnounUS /rɪˈfaɪnmənts/

plural of “refinement” — a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

resortedverbUS /rɪˈzɔːrtɪd/

past form of “resort” — have recourse to

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The rest is waste.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The greatest refinements are resorted to in the building and handling of engines, and more attention is bestowed on this part of the automobile than on any other feature for the following reason:

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

UTILIZEDadjectiveUS /ˈjuːtəlaɪzd/

put to use

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

VALUEnounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading VALUE OF FUEL UTILIZED.--Not more than eighteen per cent. of the value of the fuel is actually utilized.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading The rest is waste.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading THE MOTOR This is a subject so vast and comprehensive, that it will require most careful thought and attention in order to get a working idea of the principle.

Chapter 10 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Automobiles contain?

Chapter 10 holds 107 sentences of Automobiles, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Automobiles?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Automobiles

Common questions about reading Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Automobiles?

Yes. All 1823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73790 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Automobiles is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73790, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Automobiles take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 365 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Automobiles section by section

How to work through Automobiles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Automobiles to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Automobiles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Automobiles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Zerbe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.