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Automobiles
Automobiles

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Automobiles is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.
Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.
The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.
The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.
SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Automobiles

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Automobiles is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.
Line 2
Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.
/tuː ˈdʒenərəl taɪps ɑːr ˈbiːɪŋ meɪd wʌn ˈpjʊrli məˈkænɪkəl ɪn ɪts ˈkerɪktər ənd ðə ˈʌðər ˈɑːpəreɪtəd baɪ ðə ˈendʒən ˌɪtˈself/
Line 3
The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.
Line 4
The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.
Line 5
SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accessories noun US /ækˈsesəriz/

plural of “accessory” — clothing that is worn or carried, but not part of your main clothing

From this reading “AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.”

crank verb US /kræŋk/

travel along a zigzag path

From this reading “The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.”

cranking verb US /ˈkræŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “crank” — travel along a zigzag path

From this reading “The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.”

cylinders noun US /ˈsɪləndərz/

plural of “cylinder” — a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes (the bases)

From this reading “The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.”

ignite verb US /ˌɪɡˈnaɪt/

cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat

From this reading “The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.”

manually adverb US /ˈmænjuːəli/

by hand

From this reading “The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.”

starter noun US /ˈstɑːrtər/

an electric motor for starting an engine

From this reading “The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.”

utilizes verb US /ˈjuːtəlaɪzɪz/

third-person singular of “utilize” — put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading “SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

compressed air adjective + noun

air at a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere

In this reading “The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.”

operated by verb + particle counted as “operate by”

In this reading “Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.”

performed by verb + particle counted as “perform by”

In this reading “The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.”

some connection adjective + noun

In this reading “The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

ACCESSORIESnounUS /ækˈsesəriz/

plural of “accessory” — clothing that is worn or carried, but not part of your main clothing

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

actuates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

AUTOMOBILEnounUS /ˈɔːtəmoʊbiːl/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

carnounUS /kɑːr/

a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

compressedadjectiveUS /kəmˈprest/

pressed tightly together

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

crankverbUS /kræŋk/

travel along a zigzag path

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

crankingverbUS /ˈkræŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “crank” — travel along a zigzag path

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

cylindersnounUS /ˈsɪləndərz/

plural of “cylinder” — a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes (the bases)

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

devicesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪsəz/

an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase “left to your own devices”

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

drivernounUS /ˈdraɪvər/

the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

equipmentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

forwardly-projecting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

fuelverbUS /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

igniteverbUS /ˌɪɡˈnaɪt/

cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

initialnounUS /ˌɪˈnɪʃəl/

the first letter of a word (especially a person's name)

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

inventionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

latestadjectiveUS /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

locatedadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkeɪtəd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

manuallyadverbUS /ˈmænjuːəli/

by hand

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

mechanicaladjectiveUS /məˈkænɪkəl/

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

mechanismnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

operateverbUS /ˈɑːpəreɪt/

direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

operatedverbUS /ˈɑːpəreɪtəd/

past form of “operate” — direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

Self-starting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

shaftnounUS /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

SIMPLEadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

simplestadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpləst/

superlative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

starternounUS /ˈstɑːrtər/

an electric motor for starting an engine

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES Self-starting devices are the latest permanent addition to a perfect car equipment.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

TYPEnounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

typesnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading Two general types are being made, one purely mechanical in its character, and the other operated by the engine itself.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

utilizesverbUS /ˈjuːtəlaɪzɪz/

third-person singular of “utilize” — put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading SIMPLE TYPE OF STARTER.--The simplest type of starter is that which utilizes the cylinders themselves to give the initial turns.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

whereby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The mechanical devices usually have some connection with the forwardly-projecting end of the crank shaft, where the present cranking shaft is located, and some of the inventions in this respect have an arrangement whereby the driver is able manually to operate the starter from his seat.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The actual work of turning the shaft is now performed by compressed air which actuates mechanism that gives from one to two turns to the shaft, sufficient to ignite the fuel in several of the cylinders.

Chapter 14 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Automobiles contain?

Chapter 14 holds 59 sentences of Automobiles, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Automobiles?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Automobiles

Common questions about reading Automobiles by James Slough Zerbe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Automobiles?

Yes. All 1823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73790 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Automobiles is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73790, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Automobiles take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 365 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Automobiles section by section

How to work through Automobiles section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Automobiles to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Automobiles

Words and structures a reader meets early in Automobiles, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Zerbe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Price
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Automobiles; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.